高中英语词汇
词汇,是一种语言里所有的词和固定短语的总和。小编整理的高中英语词汇,供参考!
吸引阅卷老师的那些高中英语作文高级词汇
【原则一:晚词优先】
老师偏爱“学得晚”的单词,因为使用学得比较晚的单词,可以体现一个人“学以致用”的意识。如果一个意思既可以用初中单词来表达,又可以用高二、高三单词来表达,那尽量选择高二、高三的单词,如:
(1)Adj.困难的
黯然低分词:difficult
闪光高分词:challenging 有挑战性的
(2)Adj.重要的
黯然低分词:important
闪光高分词:vital 至关重要的;essential 必不可少的;significant 有重要意义的;
(3)Adj.美丽的
黯然低分词:beautiful
闪光高分词:appealing动人的;attractive 吸引人的;charming迷人的;fascinating 迷人的
注:以上五个词既能修饰人,又能修饰物,非常好用,务必记熟!
【原则二:短语优先】
在阅卷老师看来,活用短语是一个考生能力的体现。因此,我们可以掌握一些将某些常见单词转化为短语的用法,如:
(4)v. 参加
黯然低分词:join
闪光高分词:take part in
(5)v. 使用
黯然低分词:use
闪光高分词:make good use of
(6)v. 拜访
黯然低分词:visit
闪光高分词:pay a visit to
【原则三:“具体化”单词优先】
请先对比以下几组句子:
【例句1】I go to school everyday.
【例句2】I ride to school everyday.
在课堂上,笔者经常以这两个句子为例,讲解“具体化”的重要性。很多同学都能感觉到例句2要比例句1好。究其原因,是例句2中的rode比例句1中的went更加具体:went只表达了“去”的意思,而rode不但表达出“去”的意思,还能表达出具体的交通方式。也就是说,例句2表达的信息量比例句1更加丰富。
再如:
【例句3】Mr Wang is a good teacher.
【例句4】Mr Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher.
例句3只表达出Mr Wang是一个“好”老师,而到底“好”在哪些方面,却没有具体说清楚;例句4则清楚地告诉读者,Mr Wang好在三个方面:和蔼(kind)、耐心(patient)以及知识丰富(knowledgeable)。
因此,我们必须学会换用更为具体的单词表达我们的思想,如:
(8)adj. 学习
黯然低分词:learn
闪光高分词:research研究;pick up偶然学到,顺便学到,轻松学到;master掌握
(9)n. 好老师
黯然低分词:a good teacher
闪光高分词:a kind, patient and knowledgeable English teacher一个善良、耐心、博学的老师
当然,除了替换某些表意抽象的单词,我们还可以通过增加细节成分,使表达更为具体,如,例句2可以加上同伴、心情等信息,进一步改写成:
【例句5】I,together with Tom and Jerry, rode to the Zhongshan park yesterday,feeling rather excited.
同样的,例句4也可以加上一个定语从句,写出Mr Wang到底擅长哪些事情,如:
【例句6】Mr Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher who knows how to enlighten us students.
可以看到,例句5和例句6两个句子采用“具体化”的手段,将原本毫无生气的句子顿时变得生动形象了。
综上所述,想让你的表达“具体化”,一共有两种常用方法,其一,是换掉某些表意不明确的单词,换上表意更加明确具体的单词;其二,是在句中适当增加细节成分。“具体化”的好处,是让句子的含义更加丰富,让读者更容易由句子展开丰富的联想,随着作者一起经历、一起思考、一起感动。在平时的学习、训练中,与其生硬地使用超纲词汇,不如好好熟悉大纲单词,用好“具体化”的两种方法,为你的作文增光添彩。
事实上,“具体化”在汉语写作中也有同样的体现。比如,要表达“惜别”的感情,光说“再见”是不够的,应该像诗人那样,用具体化的细节带动感情,写出梦幻般的文字:“让我与你握别/ 再轻轻抽出我的手/ 知道思念从此生根/ 浮云白日/ 山川庄严温柔...”
这就是“具体化”的作用,你体会到了吗?
【原则四:大纲词汇的衍生词优先】
在高中英语中,我们已经涉及到了词根词缀的知识。运用这些知识,可以将很多高中词汇衍生为四六级词汇甚至托福、雅思词汇。如果能够熟练使用一两个这种词汇,你的作文肯定“碉堡了”!
举例如下,看看箭头后面的替换词都是由哪些单词变来的?
(10)adj. 当然地
黯然低分词:certainly
闪光高分词:obviously 明显地;undoubtedly 毫无疑问地;evidently显然地;
(11)adj. 不开心的
黯然低分词:sad
闪光高分词:discouraged气馁的;depressed沮丧的;downhearted垂头丧气的;low-spirited意志消沉的。
高中英语重点词语辨析汇总
1.accuse / charge
accuse 和charge都有“指责,控告”之意,有时可通用,但结构不一样。accuse不一定针对重大过失或罪行,其结构为accuse sb of sth。而charge一般用于重大过失或罪行,其结构为charge sb with sth,此结构还有“使某人负有……责任”之意。例如:
例1:My father accused me of my being too careless. (父亲责备我太粗心。)
例2:He accused me of neglecting my duty. (他指控我玩忽职守。)
例3:He charged me with neglecting my duty. (同上)
例4:Jimmy was charged with murder. (吉米被控谋杀。)
例5:He was charged with an important task. (他担负有一项重要任务。)
2.add / add to / add up / add up to
add:增加,把……加上。add…to…:把……加到。例如:
例6:At the end of the party, we added another program.
例7:You needn’t add any water to the medicine.
add to:增添。指增添喜悦、悲伤、麻烦等。例如:
例8:His coming added to our trouble. (他的到来给我们添了麻烦。)
add up:加起来。例如:
例9:Have you added up all the numbers?
add up to:总计。表示加起来的结果,无被动结构。例如:
例10:All the numbers added up to 100.
3.advise / suggest
advise:建议,劝说。例如:
例11:I advised (his) trying again. (= suggest)
例12:I advised that we (should) try again. (= suggest,虚拟语气。)
例13:I advised him to give up smoking.
例14:I advised him not to smoke.
例15:Could you advise us on how to learn English?
例16:Could you give us some advice on how to learn English?
suggest:建议,表明,暗示。例如:
例17:We suggest having a meeting at once. (= advise)
例18:We suggest that a meeting (should) be held at once. (= advise,虚拟语气。)
例19:His pale face suggests that he is in poor health. (他那苍白的脸色表明他身体欠佳。)
4.agree with / agree to / agree on
agree with:同意,赞成(后接“人”或what从句作宾语);适合,适应;一致。例如:
例20:I don’t quite agree with you.
例21:Nobody agreed with what he had said at the meeting.
例22:The weather here doesn’t agree with most of us. (这里的天气我们多数人不适应。)
例23:Your words do not agree with your actions. (你的言行不一。)
agree to:同意,赞成。指一方同意另一方的意见、建议、观点、想法等。例如:
例24:John can’t agree to Joe’s idea.
agree on:对……达成共识。指双方或多方对某事取得一致意见。例如:
例25:Finally John and Joe agreed on the plan.
5.allow / permit / let / promise
allow:允许,许可。指听任或默许,也可用来表示客气的请求。例如:
例26:Who allowed you to leave the camp?
例27:Smoking is not allowed here.
例28:Please allow me to introduce myself to you.
permit:允许,许可。通常指正式的许可。例如:
例29:He declared that he would permit me to do so.
allow 和 permit 的含义虽然有所差别,但实际运用中两者常通用。
let:允许,让。其后的宾语补足语应是不带to的不定式。一般不用于被动语态。例如:
例30:Don’t let this happen again.
例31:This is not allowed to happen again. (不说:This is not let to happen again.)
promise:答应,允诺。用于主动答应自己要做什么的场合。例如:
例32:They promised an immediate reply.
例33:He promised to start at once.
例34:I promised him to see to the matter right away.
(我答应他马上处理这件事。不定式to see to 是主语I发出的。)
6.announce / declare
announce:宣布,宣告。常指首次公开或正式宣布人们关心的某件事情。例如:
例35:The government announced that the danger was past.
例36:It was announced that the national science conference would soon be held in Beijing.
另外,要表达“向某人宣布某事”,应用announce to sb sth。后接to sb的动词还有say,explain等。例如:
例37:He announced to us the news and then said to us, “Now let me explain to you in details.”
(他向我们宣布了这个消息,然后对我们说:“现在让我详细给你们解释吧。”)
declare:宣布,声明。指以正式的.话语公开宣布某件事。例如:
例38:The chairman declared the exhibition open. (主席宣布展览会开幕。)
7.answer / reply
answer:回答,回应。例如:
例39:“Tom!” No one answered.
例40:Please answer the door-bell. (请去开门。)
例41:He answered that he knew nothing about it.
例42:No one was able to answer him a word.
reply:回答,答复。作不及物动词时,后需接to再接宾语;作及物动词时,后直接接that从句或what从句,或用于倒装句。例如:
例43:He replied to me, “I need the answer to the exercise.”
例44:He replied that he would not go.
例45:Not a word did she reply.(她一句话也不应。)
answer当名词用时,与reply一样,要接to。例如:
例46:He made no answer / reply to his questions.
8.appear / look / seem
appear:显得,好像。有时含有表面上显得,而事实未必的意味。例如:
例47:This kind of apples appears good, but in fact it tastes sour.
(这种苹果看起来好,实际吃起来酸。)
seem:好像。暗示判断有一定根据,往往接近事实。例如:
例48:You seem to have made the same mistake again this time.
(你这次似乎又犯了同样的错误。)
例49:It seems that it is going to rain soon.
look:好像。表示凭感觉作出的判断。例如:
例50:What’s wrong with you? You look pale.
例51:It looks like rain. (看来要下雨了。)
9.argue / quarrel
argue:辩论,争论。指提出理由或论据以支持或反驳某种意见或主张,着重说理。如:
例52:What are you arguing about?
例53:I argued with him the whole day.
quarrel:争论,争吵,吵架。例如:
例54:It’s unwise to quarrel with your boss about that. (为那件事同你老板争吵是不明智的。)
10.arrive / reach / get
arrive,reach和get都有“到达”的意思。arrive通常与介词at或in连用,它和reach是比较正式的用语;reach是及物动词;get通常与介词to连用,在口语中常用。arrive和get后接副词(如here, there, home等)时,不用介词。reach和arrive at还有“达成(协议),作出(决定)”的意思。例如:
例55:When we arrived at the station, the train had left.
例56:At five, they arrived in Beijing.
例57:The letter didn’t reach me until yesterday.
例58:At what time did you get to the post office?
例59:The two sides failed to reach / arrive at an agreement after several hours’ discussion.
(几个小时的讨论后,双方还是没能达成一致意见。)
11.ask / inquire / question
ask:问(ask sb sth或ask sth of sb);请求(ask sb to do sth);要,索取(ask for sth)。例如:
例60:May I ask you some questions?
例61:Why did he ask you to come again?
例62:Did he ask for anything?
inquire:问,询问。它与ask同义,但是比较正式的用语;与into连用时,表示“查究,调查”的意思。例如:
例63:I have inquired of him whether he could help me. (我已经问过他能否帮我。)
例64:We must inquire into the matter. (=look into,我们必须调查此事。)
question:提问,质问,审问,怀疑。例如:
例65:At first the girls read a chapter from their books, and then the teacher began to question them.
例66:I question whether he was once questioned by the police.
(我怀疑他是否曾被警方审问过。)
12.be about to do sth / be to do sth
be about to do:即将,正要做……不加任何时间短语。例如:
例67:We were about to start when suddenly it began to rain.
be to do:计划,约定;应该。例如:
例68:We are to start tomorrow.
例69:What is to be done next?(下一步做什么?)
13.be careful of / be careful with
be careful of:小心,当心,留神,注意。例如:
例70:The public were warned to be careful of rats. (公众被警告要当心老鼠。)
be careful with:细心,注意。指细心地处理或对付某人或某事。例如:
例71:You’d better be careful with your work / pronunciation. (你得注意你的工作/发音。)
14.be familiar with / be familiar to
be familiar with:对……熟悉。例如:
例72:Most of us are familiar with the pop star.
例73:John was very familiar with this kind of situation.
be familiar to:对……来说是熟悉的;为……所熟知。例如:
例74:The pop star is familiar to most of us.
例75:This kind of situation was all too familiar to John. (=very familiar)
15.be known for / be known as / be known to
be known for:因……而出名。例如:
例76:Our town is known for its stones.
be known as:作为……而出名。例如:
例77:The town is known as a stone town.
be known to:被……知晓,了解。例如:
例78:The hot spring city is known to every one of them.
16.be made of ( from / out of ) / be made into / be made up / be made up of
be made of:由……制成。用于由产品可以看出原材料。例如:
例79:The desk is made of wood.
be made from:由……制成。用于由产品看不出原材料。例如:
例80:Paper is made from wood.
be made out of:由……制成。例如:
例81:The desk / Paper is made out of wood.
be made into:制成……例如:
例82:Wood can be made into desks / paper.
be made up:由……编成。例如:
例83:Don’t believe him; the whole story was made up. (别信他的,整个过程都是捏造的。)
be made up of (=consist of):由……组成。例如:
例84:This desk is made up of / consists of twelve pieces of wood.
17.be tired of / be tired from / be tired out
be / get tired of:对……厌倦。例如:
例85:I am really tired of your words! (你的话我听腻了!)
be tired from:因……疲倦。例如:
例86:I was so tired from climbing the hill that I fell asleep the moment my head touched the pillow. (我爬山太累了,所以头一碰枕头/一躺下就睡着了。)
be tired out:筋疲力尽。相当于be worn out。例如:
例87:We were tired out when we climbed over the high mountain.
18.believe / believe in / depend on
believe:相信(指信某人的言语);认为(相当于be sure)。例如:
例88:Don’t believe him; he’s lying. (别听他的,他在说谎。)
例89:I believe they’ll succeed in the end.
believe in:信任(指胜任某人);信仰(指信仰真理、主张、宗教等)。例如:
例90:Don’t believe in him; he’s always lying. (不可信任他,他老说谎。)
例91:I believe what she said, but I don’t believe in her. (我相信她所说的,但我不信任她。)
例92:We must work, and above all we must believe in ourselves.
(我们得工作,最重要的是我们得信任自己。)
例93:Most of them believe in God.
depend on:信任(相当于believe in或trust);依靠(相当于live on);取决于。例如:
例94:He is a man to depend on / believe in / trust. (他是个可信任的人。)
例95:Do you still depend on / live on your parents? (你还靠父母吗?)
例96:Everything depends on the weather tomorrow. (一切取决于明天的天气。)
19.borrow / lend
borrow:借,借用。指借入,不带双宾语。结构:borrow sth from sb。例如:
例97:Can I borrow your pen?
例98:He borrows money from me frequently.
lend:把……借给。指借出,可带双宾。结构:lend sb sth =lend sth to sb。例如:
例99:Could you lend me your pen?
例100:Will you lend your bike to me?
20.bring / take / fetch / get / carry
bring:带来。例如:
例101:Bring the book here tomorrow.
take:拿走。例如:
例102:Don’t take the magazines out of the reading-room.
fetch:去拿来。例如:
例103:Go downstairs and fetch me some water.
get:去拿来。与fetch同义,但较口语化。例如:
例104:She got him a good doctor. (她为他请来了一位好医生。)
carry:携带。指随身携带,如捧、抱、扛、运等。例如:
例105:He carried a bag of rice on his shoulder.
例106:He often carries a pocket dictionary when he goes out.
(他出门时经常带着一本袖珍词典。)
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