初一

初一英语上册知识点

时间:2022-07-28 14:31:22 初一 我要投稿

初一英语上册知识点

  在年少学习的日子里,相信大家一定都接触过知识点吧!知识点在教育实践中,是指对某一个知识的泛称。你知道哪些知识点是真正对我们有帮助的吗?以下是小编为大家收集的初一英语上册知识点,欢迎大家分享。

初一英语上册知识点

  初一英语上册知识点 1

  一、48个国际音标及26个英文字母的正确书写

  要熟练掌握元音和辅音,5个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正确占格及单词间距。

  二、be动词的用法

  be动词有三种变形,分别是:am, is, are。记忆口诀:

  “我“用am, “你“用are, is用于“他、她、它“;单数全都用is,复数全部都用are。

  三、人称及人称代词的不同形式(主格和宾格)

  1、三种人称:第一人称(I, we),第二人称(you, you),第三人称(he, she, it, Maria)。

  2、人称代词的主格,即人称代词位于句子主语位置时的形态:I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。

  3、人称代词的宾格,即人称代词位于句子宾语位置时的形态:me, us, you, you, him, her, it。

  4、形容词性物主代词:my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。

  5、名词性物主代词:mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。

  6、反身代词:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。

  四、基数词(表示数量多少的词,大致相当于代数里的自然数)

  zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。

  五、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句

  1、一般疑问句:能用Yes或No来回答的问句。一般疑问句句尾读升调。

  2、特殊疑问句:不能用Yes或No来回答的问句。特殊疑问句句尾读降调。

  六、可数名词变复数

  可数名词变复数时,有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

  1、规则变化:

  (1)一般情况直接在词尾加“-s “,如:cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;

  (2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词,要在词尾加“-es “,如:bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;

  (3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i再加“-es “,如:baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;

  (4)部分以f (e)结尾的词,变f (e)为“ves “,如:knife-knives, half-halves等;

  (5)以o结尾的词,加“-s “或“-es “,如:zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。记忆口诀:除了“英雄“hero外,凡是能吃的,加“-es “,不能吃的加“-s “。

  2、不规则变化:

  (1)改变单数名词中的元音字母:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;

  (2)单、复同形:sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等;

  (3)其他形式:mouse-mice, child-children等。

  七、简单句的成分及主谓一致原则

  最基本构成:主语+谓语+宾语,其中谓语由动词来充当。

  主谓一致原则,就是句子的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的一致性。当主语是第三人称单数(简称“三单“)时,谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式;当主语非“三单“时,谓语动词就用原形。实意动词变“三单“的规则如下:

  (1)一般动词在词尾加“-s “,如:like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;

  (2)以字母s, x,ch, sh结尾的动词加“-es “,如:guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等;

  (3)以o结尾的动词一般加“-es “,如:do-does, go-goes等;

  (4)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加“-而是“,如:fly-flies, carry-carries等;

  (5)have的三单形式是has。

  八、冠词的用法(名词前面必须要有冠词)

  冠词分为定冠词(the)和不定冠词(a, an)两种。

  1、定冠词the表示“特指“,可译为“这个“、“那个“、“这些“、“那些“。

  2、不定冠词a, an用来表明(可数)名词的数量是“一个“。an用于以元音开头(注意不是以元音字母开头)的单词前,a则英语非元音开头的单词前。

  3、不定冠词a, an与基数词one的区别是:不定冠词不是刻意强调“数量“,而基数词则强调“数量“。

  九、助动词(do, does )的用法

  只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词。以like为例:

  (1)当句子为肯定句时不涉及使用助动词,只涉及“主谓一致“原则。

  eg : I like English a lot.

  Michael likes Chinese food very much.

  (2)当句子为否定句时,要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词:当主语为“三单“时,要使用does;当主语为“非三单“时,用助动词原形do。例如把下列句子变否定句:

  Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesnt like math.

  They like sports.------They dont like sports.

  (3)当句子变疑问句时,同样要根据句子的主语来决定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子变问句:

  Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesnt.

  Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they dont.

  十、名词所有格

  1、Kangkangs books;Tom and Helens desk; Anns and Marias bikes;

  2、用of表示“......的“,但要从of后往of前翻译:a book of mine(我的一本书)

  3、have与of的区别:

  have一般表示“主动拥有“,往往用于有生命的人或动物;无生命的物体一般不能“主动拥有“,表示所属关系时要用of。例如:

  I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.

  a door of the house

  十一、初一英语上册知识点之课本中的知识点

  1、Unit 1 --Unit 2

  (1)问候语:

  Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.

  How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.

  Hi! Hello!

  How do you do?

  (2)道别用语:

  Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(meet用于初次见面,see用于熟人间)

  Nice to meet/ see you, too.

  Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night!

  (3)介绍人或者物的'句型:This is...

  (4)Excuse me.与Im sorry.的区别:

  Excuse me.是要引起对方的注意,而Im sorry.则是向对方道歉。

  (5)词组be from = come from

  (6)当问句中问到this/ that时,回答要用it;问到these/ those时,要用they来回答。例如:Whats this in English?----Its an eraser.

  What are those?----They are books.

  (7)对Thanks.的回答:Thats OK./ Youre welcome./ My pleasur.

  (8)look the same = have the same looks

  give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.

  be like = look like

  in the tree/ on the tree (树上结的、长出来的用on,否则用in)

  in red(穿着红色的衣服)

  in the desk(在空间范围之内)

  in English(用英语)

  help sb. do sth.

  (9)both与all的区别:

  both表示“两者都......“;all表示“三者及以上都......“。

  2、Unit 3--Unit 4

  (1)speak的用法

  speak与say不同:speak表示“说“的动作,不表示“说“的内容;say则表示“说“的内容。

  speak后面除了能接“语言“外,不能直接接东西,后面加了to则表示“对......说“。

  help sb. with sth.(帮助某人做/补x.)

  want to do sth.(想要做某事)

  would like to do sth.

  not...at all(一点都不);Not at all.(没关系/别介意)

  like...a lot = like...very much

  (2)some和any的区别:

  口诀:some用于肯定句,否定、疑问变any。例如:

  I have some money.

  I dont have any money.

  Do you have any money?

  (3)have a seat = take a seat(请随便坐)

  (4)祈使句(表示命令或请求的句子)

  祈使句一般都省略了主语You,所以其否定句直接用Dont开头。例如:

  Dont go there!

  (5)问职业:

  What does sb. do?

  What is sb.?

  Whats sb.s job?

  (6)work与job的区别:

  work是未必有报酬的“工作“,例如homework, housework;而job则一定是有报酬的“工作“。

  (7)on指在物体的表面,不论这个面是否水平的,例如:

  on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground

  (8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在医院里)

  look after(照料/照顾/照看)

  help oneself(请自便/随便吃)

  (9)表示“建议“的句型:“做某事如何?“

  What about (doing) sth.? (英式英语)

  How about (doing) sth.? (美式英语)

  Why dont you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?

  (10)“吃“一日三餐要用have:have breakfast/ lunch/ supper

  have...for breakfast/ lunch/ supper

  take ones order

  be kind to sb.

  (11)try on这个词组可合可分:名词可以放在这个词组的中间或后面,但代词只能放在词组的中间。

  (12)在口语中往往用take表示“买“。

  (13)how many与how much的区别:

  how many +可数名词;how much +不可数名词

  (14)What do you think of...?是询问对方对某事物的看法;

  How do you like...?是问对方对某事物喜欢的程度。

  think about(考虑)

  Thank you all the same. (即使对方没能帮上忙,也要礼貌道谢)

  Thanks. = Thank you.(thank作为动词,不能单独使用。)

  (15)one与it的区别:

  当上下文说的是同一种类事物时,任意一个可以用one来代替;如果上下文所说的是同一个事物时则用it。例如:

  Ann:I have a yellow bag.

  Jane:I have a green one.

  Tom:Hey, Mike. Where is your bike?

  Mike:Look, its over there.

  (16)倒装句

  Here you are.

  Here it is.

  (17)be free (有空/免费)

  forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事)

  forget doing sth.(忘了做过某事)

  Whats up? = Whats wrong with...? = Whats the matter with...?

  (18)go + v.-ing结构的含义:为了实现某目的才去的。例如:

  go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等

  (19)have to do sth.(非主观因素,强调客观因素,“不得不去做某事“)

  must则表示主观愿望

  (20)fly a kite = fly kites

  be free = have time

  (21)句型“该干某事了。“:Its time to do sth. = Its time for sth.

  例如:该吃午饭了.

  Its time to have lunch. = Its time for lunch.

  (22)时间的表述

  当分针所指的时间大于0分、小于等于30分钟时,用“分钟“past“小时“。例如:

  8:23--twenty-three past eight

  当分针所指的时间大于30分钟、小于60分钟时,用“剩余的时间“to“下一个整点“。例如:

  8:49--eleven to nine

  当然,还可以直接按照小时、分钟去读出时间,例如:

  8:23--eight twenty-three; 8:49--eight forty-nine

  整点则在数词后加“-oclock“,例如:8:00--eight oclock

  在钟点前介词要用at.

  初一英语上册知识点 2

  1、动词的种类(四类)

  系动词如be(is am are);情态动词如can 、may、need;助动词( do does);行为动词如take 、bring、eat、have(has)、like、sell、buy、sale、play、see、find、go、watch、thank、think等

  2、动词的第三人称单数(与名词的复数一样)

  如eat(eats) take (takes) buy (buys) play (plays) have(has) are (is)

  3、动词的时态(一般现在时)

  ( 1)含有系动词的

  I’m a Chinese boy .

  She is twelve .

  He is Tim’s brother .

  Her mother is an English teacher .

  含有系动词的句子在变一般疑问句时只将“主语和系动词交换位置”,上面句子变成一般疑问句时分别为

  Are you a Chinese boy ?(注意第一人称通常变为第二人称)

  Is she twelve ?

  Is he Tim’s brother ?

  Is her mother an English teacher ?

  含有系动词的句子在变否定句时只须“在系动词的后边加上not”,前面的几个了陈述句变否定句分别为

  I’m not a Chinese boy.

  She isn’t twelve .

  He is not Tim’s btother .

  Her mother isn’t an English teacher .

  (2)含有情态动词的句子( can ),

  She can play basketball.

  His mother’s cousin can sing many English songs.

  含有情态动词的句子在变一般疑问句时只须将“主语和情态动词交换位置”,上面两句变一般疑问句分别为

  Can she play basketball ?

  Can his mother’s cousin sing many English songs ?

  含有情态动词的句子在变否定句时直接在情态动词的后边加上not ,上面两个陈述句变否定句分别为

  She can not play basketball .

  His mother’s cousin can not sing many English songs .

  (3)含有行为动词的句子

  We have many friends.

  They watch TV at 7 in the evening .

  The students take their books to school .

  I have lunch at school .

  You have a sister .

  1含有行为动词的句子在变一般疑问句时要在原句子的前面加do.上面的句子变成一般疑问句分别为

  Do you have many friends ?

  Do they watch TV at 7 in the evening ?

  Do the students take their books to school ?

  Do you have lunch at school ?

  Do you have a sister ?

  2含有行为动词的句子在变否定句时只须在行为动词前加don’t .上述五个陈述句变否定句分别为

  We don’t have many friends.

  They don’t watch TV at 7 in the evening .

  The students don’t take their books to school .

  I don’t have lunch at school .

  You don’t have a sister .

  3含有行为动词的句子,当主语是第三人称单数时,行为动词要加s (或es)如:

  She has a red pen .

  He has eggs for breakfast .

  Her mother buys a skirt for her .

  She likes thrillers .

  My brother watches TV every evening .

  He wants to go to a movie .

  含有行为动词的句子,当主语是第三人称单数时,变一般疑问句要“在原句子的前面加上does ,同时行为动词要还原”。上面的句子变成一般疑问句分别为:

  Does she have a red pen ?

  Does he have eggs for breakfast ?

  Does her mother buy a skirt for her ?

  Does she like thrillers ?

  Does your brother watch TV every evening ?

  Does he want to go to a movie ?

  含有行为动词的句子,当主语是第三人称单数时,变否定句时“在行为动词前面加does’nt ,同时原行为动词要还原”。上面的句子变否定句分别为:

  She doesn’t have a red pen .

  He doesn’t have eggs for breakfast .

  Her mother doesn’t buy a skirt for her .

  She doesn’t like thrillers .

  My brother doesn’t watch TV every evening .

  He doesn’t want to go to a movie .

  初一英语上册知识点 3

  1、名词的复数

  (1)、一般的直接加s,如desk(desks) 、pen(pens) 、ruler(rulers)

  (2)、以x 、s、ch、sh结尾的加es如box(boxes)、class(classes)、watch(watches)等

  (3)、以辅音字母加y结尾的要变y为i加es,如family ,comedy,documentary等

  (4)、以0结尾的名词,有生命的加es如:tomato(tomatoes) 、potato (potatoes );没有生命的加s,如

  photo(photos)、piano(pianos)、zero(zeros)

  2、名词所有格在名词的后边加’s ,表示后面的名词属于前面的名词所有,如LiLei’s bag Tom’s desk 、her mother’s brother

  3、专用名词的大写

  如English、Brown 、Rush 、Sunday 、January 、December、 Beijing Opera

  初一英语上册知识点 4

  like一词的用法

  like用作及物动词,译为“喜欢”。

  (1)后接名词或代词,表示喜欢某人或某物。如:

  I like the baby very much. 我非常喜欢这个小孩。

  (2)后接动名词(v. -ing),表示“喜欢做某事”,着重于习惯、爱好。如:

  Tom likes playing football. 汤姆喜欢踢足球。

  (3)后接动词不定式(to do ),表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”,着重于某次具体的行为。如:

  I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening. 我喜欢读书,但我今晚想看电视。

  句子单数变复数,注意以下五要素

  (1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即I→we, you→you,she,he,it→ they。

  如:She is a girl. →They are girls.

  (2)am,is要变为are。如:

  I’m a student. →We are students.

  (3)不定冠词a,an要去掉。如:

  He is a boy. →They are boys.

  (4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如:

  It is an apple. →They are apples.

  (5)指示代词this,that要变为these,those。如:

  This is a box. →These are boxes.

  英语日期的表示法

  英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词,它们的首字母必须大写,并且前面无需用冠词。

  用英语表示日期,其顺序为月+日+年,日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如:August 2nd,2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年来表示。如:10th May,2003(2003年5月10日)英语日期前介词的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,则用介词in,若具体到某一天,则需用介词on。

  时间的表达法

  (1) 直读式,即直接读出时间数字

  7: 05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen

  (2) 过、差式,即几点差几分,几点过几分。(以30分为分界线)

  1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30 half past two

  3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five

  (3)12小时制

  6:00 a.m. 上午6点 8:20 p.m. 下午8点20分

  (4)24小时制

  13:00 13点钟 22:15 22点15分

  (5)15分可用quarter

  4:15 a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six

  (6)时间前通常用at.

  at 5 o’clock at 7:30 p.m.

  want用法

  (1)想干什么用want to do sth

  They want to join the sports club. 他们想加入运动俱乐部。

  (2)第三人称单数作主语,want要作变化

  ①He wants to play basketball.

  ②Li Xia wants to play the piano.

  (3)变疑问句,否定句要借助助动词do或does.

  ①-Do you want to play soccer ball ? -Yes , I do . / No , I don’t.

  ②-Does he want to go home by bus ? -Yes , he does . / No , he doesn’t.

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