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初二英语过去完成时用法
过去完成时表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”,侧重事情的结果。下面是小编为大家整理的初二英语过去完成时用法的相关资料,仅供大家作参考使用。
初二英语过去完成时用法
一.用法
1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,即发生在"过去的过去"。如:
When I woke up, it had stopped raining.
我醒来时,雨已经停了。(主句的动作发生在"过去的过去")
2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态,表示的是"过去的过去",只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如:
He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前 )
3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用,它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already , yet , still , just , before , never 等时间副词及 by , before , until 等引导的短语或从句连用。
如:Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.
Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.
4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始,一直延续到这一过去时间,而且动作尚未结束,仍然有继续下去的可能。
如: By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. ( had worked 已有了 20 年,还有继续进行下去的可能)
二.过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下几点:
1. 时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调"过去的过去";而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较:
They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断:先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。如:
She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.
3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在 before , after , as soon as 引导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的`先后,因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如:
He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.
I (had) called her before I left the office.
初二英语过去完成时的判定
由"过去的过去"来判定。
过去完成时表示"过去的过去",是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在:
( 1 )宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如:
She said that she had seen the film before.
( 2 )状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。如:
When I got to the station, the train had already left.
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
注意: before, after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。如:
Where did you study before you came here?
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
( 3 )表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
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