美国文学总复习名词解释

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美国文学总复习名词解释

1. American Puritanism: a domination factor in American life. American Puritanism was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thoughts and literature.

2. Transcendentalism: time 1836. Features: 1.the transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirit, or over soul, as the most important thing in the universe 2. The transcendentalists stressed the importance of the individual. 3. The transcendentalists offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the spirit of God. The representatives are Emerson and Thoreau.

3. Free Verse: like traditional verse, it is printed in short lines instead of the continuity of prose, but it has no meter and either lack rhyme or uses it occasionally. A representative is Whitman’s Leave of Grass.

4. Realism: time: 2nd and half of 19th century. Features: verisimilitude of details derived from observation. Representatives are Howells, James, Mark Twain

5. Local Colorism: It is a branch of Realism; it refers to detailed representation, in fiction of the setting, dialect, customs, dress and ways of thinking which are distinctive of a particular region. The representative of Local Colorism is Mark Twain.

6. American Naturalism: time: 1890s. Features: 1. naturalists wrote about the helplessness of man, his insignificance in a cold world, and his lack of dignity in face of the crushing forces of environment and heredity.2. They reported truthfully and objectively with passion for scientific accuracy and an overwhelming accumulation of factual detail.3. The representatives are Crane, Dreiser.

7. Imagism: six principles: momentary, one dominant image, hard personal word, direct treatment, concise, free verse. The representatives are Pound.

8. Lost generations: it refers to a group of American writers of the decade following WWI, disillusioned by their War experience or by materialization of American culture, holds a pessimistic new of life. The representatives are Fitzgerald and Hemingway.

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9. Flashback: interpolating narratives or scenes which represent events that happened before the story began. For example: Miller used flashback in Death of Salesman.

10. Black Humor: the tragic absurdity of the human condition is often seen in their novels. As a cosmic joke. The response they intend to provoke in the reader to the blackness of modern life is a laughter that is, laughing in face of a tragic situation. The representative work of black humor is Heller’s Catch-22.

11. Harlem Renaissance: a period of remarkable creativity in literature and other arts by African Americans, from the end of WWI in 1917 through the 1920s. The representative is Hughes.

12. Irving: 1.He is was the first American writer of imagination literature to gain international fame. 2 The short story as a genre in American literature probably began with Irving’s The Sketch Book.3.The Sketch Book also marked the beginning of American romanticism.

13. Hawthorne: feature: 1, symbol2, deep analysis of psychology3, gloomy and depressive tone4. evil sides of the world5, super natural element

14. The Scarlet Letter (Hawthorne): 1, Character: Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdable, Roger Chillingworth. 2. Theme: criticizing Puritan suppression/ sin and atonement.

15. Emily Dickinson: feature: 1.short and concise2. approximate rhyme and meter3. ungrammatical elements 4. original images5. many poems about death

15. Moby Dick (Melville): character: Ishmael (survivor), Ahab (captain)

12.Allan Poe: 1. the poetic principle ① the poem, he says, should be short, at one sitting ②Its chief aim is beauty ③ melancholy is the most legitimate of all the poetic tone. ④ the death of a beautiful woman is, unquestionably the most poetical topic in the world.⑤ stress rhyme, defines true poetry as “ the rhythmical creation of beauty. 2. Work: to Helen, The Fall of the House of Usher.

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13. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (Mark Twain): 1. His usually use French, mostly Anglo-Saxon on origin, and his words are short, concrete and direct in effect.2. Most of his sentence structures are si-mp-le or compound.3. he use” took” repeatedly.4. There have ungrammatical elements in his work. One of his significant contributions to American literature lies in fact that he made colloquial speech an accepted.

14. Frost: the features of his work1.he usually use traditional form 2. His language is plain3. He likes to use symbolism4. Most his poems describe nature of famers’ life.

15. Fitzgerald: the Great Gatsby: 1.characters: Nick Carraway, Daisy Buchanam, Tom Buchanam, Myrtle Wilson, George Wilson, Jay Gatsby,

2. Theme: criticizing materialized society, disillusionment of American dream.

16. Miller: Death of Salesman: 1.Charaters: Willy &Linda&Biff&Happy Loman, Chalery and Bernard. 2. Theme: a criticizing metalized society/ understanding between parents and children.

17. Salinger: The Catch in the①. Setting: 1950s New York2. Plot: Holden Caulfied 1st day: expelled. 2nd day: Sally (shallow). Carl (hypocritical).2nd night: Sneak home—Phoebe, Mr.Antolini. 3rd day: go to the west. ②.character: Holden---rebellious, innocent, sincerely③. Style: This novel use colloquial and vulgar worlds. There also has exaggeration in this work ④: theme: growing pain.

18: Cath-22: Yossarian, Milo, And Snowden.19. Lolita :( Nabokov): character: Humbert Humbert, Dolores Haze (Lolita), Clare Qulity .

美国文学复习资料2017-04-09 21:54 | #2楼

1) It is a movement in U.S. and English poetry characterized by the use of concrete language and figures of speech, modern subject matter, metrical freedom, and avoidance of romantic or mystical themes, aiming at clarity of expression through the use of precise visual images.

2) It grew out of the symbolist movement in 1912 and was initially led by Ezra Pound, Amy Lowell, and others.

3) The Imagist manifesto came out in 1912 showed three Imagist poetic principles: direct treatment of the “thing”（no fuss, frill, or ornament）, exclusion of superfluous words（precision and economy of expression）, the rhythm of the musical phrase rather than the sequence of a metronome（节拍器）（free verse form and music）.

4) Pound defined an image as that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time, and later he extended this definition when he stated that an image was “a vortex or cluster of fused ideas, endowed with energy.”

5) There existed great influence of Chinese poetry on the Imagist movement. Imagists found value in Chinese poetry because Chinese poetry is, by virtue of the ideographic(表意的） and pictographic（表形的） nature of the Chinese language, essentially imagistic poetry. Modernism

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