独立主格结构的赏析

独立主格结构的赏析

　　请看下面一道题：Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.

　　A. its B. whose C. which D. that

　　【分析】此题很容易误选B，许多同学会认为句中逗号后是一个非限制性的定语从句，whose 在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后的'名词 owner。此分析从表面上看，似乎天衣无缝，但实质上是错的，原因是空格后根本不是一个句子，因为没有谓语。尽管句中有两个动词，但它们都是非谓语动词。也许有的同学认为，其中的 seated 可视为谓语动词，但是注意，seat 用作动词时，它总是及物的，其后要么接宾语，要么它就用于被动语态，所以若在 seated 前加上助动词 is，则可以选择B（当然若将 seated （当然若将 seated sitting，也应选择B）。所以此题最佳答案选A。请再看一个类似的例子：

　　(1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages.

　　A. it B. them C.this D. that

　　(2) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that

　　第(1)应选B，而不能选C，是因为句中的 translated 是过去分词(非谓语动词)，若选C，则该从句无谓语；第(2)应选C，因为句中有谓语 were translatedC。

　　再请看下面一例：(3) He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.

　　A. it B. them C. which D. that

　　【分析】此题与上面的第(2)题不同，两句间多了一个并列连词and，说明这是一个并列句，故应选B，则不能选C。

　　请做做以下三题(答案均为B)：

　　(1) There I met several people, two of _________ being foreigners.

　　A. which B. them C. whom D. that

　　(2) There I met several people, two of _________ were foreigners.

　　A. which B. whom C. who D. that

　　(3) There I met several people, and two of _________ were foreigners.

　　A. which B. them C. whom D. that

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