二谓语说明主语的动作和状态,副词介词短语名词词组动词不定式分词短语,简单句只有一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语的句子,英语句子成分一句子成分的定义构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分和类型
I.句子成分
一.主语:是句子要说明的人或物,是句子的主体,一般放在句首。名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式
和主语从句都可以充当句子的主语成分。
e.g.Experienceisthebestteacher.
Heknowsagreatdeal.
Threefromfiveleavestwo.
Growingflowersismyhobby.
Togetonthatcrowdedbusisverydifficult.
Whathedidwasright.
注意几点:
1.the+adj.也可以构成主语结构。
e.g.Theoldshouldbetakengoodcareof.
Thenewreplacestheold.
2.动名词或是动词不定式做主语的时候,可以用it做形式主语。
e.g.Itisverydifficulttogetonthatcrowdedbus.
Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.
3.介词短语不能做主语。
e.g.Bybusismyfavoritemeansoftransportation.(wrong)
Butwecansay:Underthetableliesacat.
Onthewallhangtwopictures.
二.谓语:说明主语的动作和状态。动词或动词短语在句中充当谓语,一般放在主语之后,有一定的时态和语
态。
e.g.Thecrowdcheered.
Sheisastudent.
Ihavealreadyreadit.
Youneednotgoinperson.
Wetookpartinaneveninglastnight.
Mybikewasstolenyesterday.
**注意主谓一致。
三.宾语:动作所涉及的人或物。有动词宾语和介词宾语之分。名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式和宾
语从句都可以充当宾语成分。
e.g.Theydoexerciseeveryday.
Theyoftenhelpus.
----Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?----Ihavethree.
Wealllikeswimming.
Theywantedtogohome.
Idon’tknowwhenhewillbeback.
WangHualentmeanoveltoreadonthebus.
注意:动词不定式只能做动词宾语,不做介词宾语。
e.g.Iwanttoswim.
Iamfondofswimming.
Heisgoodatplayingbasketball.
四.宾语补足语:跟在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、
动词不定式、分词等都可以作宾补。
Judge:1.Heworkedverywell.
2.Hewelcomeduswarmly.
e.g.WeconsiderTomanhonestboy.
Thegoodnewsmadeushappyandgay.
Wesupposedhimupstairs.
Weconsiderheraboveothers.
WebelieveTomtobeafineplayer.
Wemusthavethehouserebuilt.
Don’tleavehimwaitingoutside.
五.表语:在系动词后面用来说明主语的身份、状态或特征的成分。名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词
不定式、动名词和表语从句都可作表语。
系动词:be;get;become;grow;taste;sound;smell;feel;stay;look;seem;turnetc.
1
e.g.Mr.Brownisanengineer.
It’sme.
Hisexplanationsoundsquitereasonable.
He’supstairs.
Heisintheroom.
Mytaskistopaintthehousetoday.
Theimportantthingisknowingwhattodo.
Mymothergotexcitedatthenews.
Thequestioniswhocanreallyrepairtheradio.
六.定语:用来修饰和限定名词或代词的成分。形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、
分词、定语从句都可以用作定语。
e.g.Abrightfutureshinesbeforeoureyes.
abookstore;mybooks;threebooks
Thebookherebelongstome.
ThestudentsofClaSixarehavinganEnglishlesson.
Ihavealotofworktodo.
Thegirlplayingtheviolinismysister.
Lessonslearnedeasilyaresoonforgotten.
IliketheplacewhereIwasborn.
七.状语:用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的成分。副词、介词短语、名词词组、动词不定式、分词短语
和状语从句都可以充当状语。
e.g.Chinaisextremelyrichinnaturalresources.
Theboyshaveleftthehousebythebackdoor.
Wehavealreadywalked30miles.
Hewillleavethedayaftertomorrow.
Tomasteraforeignlanguage,youmuststudyithard.
Albertisinthebedroomreadingabook.
Troubledbytheproblem,sheaskedherteacherforhelp.
IwaswatchingTVwhenhecamein.
Asitwasfine,wewentouting.
八.同位语:有主语同位语和宾语同位语之分,用来补充说明或解释主语或宾语的成分。名词词组和同位语从
句可充当同位语。
e.g.Weloveourcountry,thegreatPeople’sRepublicofChina.
Thequestionwhetherhewaswrongtroubledusalot.
Thewholenationwassorryforthenewsthattheirpresidenthadpassedaway.
Practice:分析句子成分
1.Pleaseclosethewindowbeforeyouleaveyourroom.
2.Theyaresittingcloseagainstthewallandhavingarest.
3.Tomisoneofmyclosefriendwhoarealwaysreadytohelpme.
4.IforgottorepairmywatchbecauseIwasinahurrytogohome.
5.ThemilkproducedinTibettastesgood.
6.Itissillytotalklikethat.
7.Theriverrosetenfeetintheevening.
8.WecalledTomourwalkingdictionary.
9.YouhadbetteranswerthequestioninEnglish.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Shegavehimapieceofpapertowriteon.Thepeopleallovertheworldarehopingforpeace.Thelittlegirlcandreherselfnow.Itwasapitythatyoudidn'twatchthewonderfulfootballmatch.Ifeltmyheartbeatingfast.Weshoulddosomethingtohelpthevictimsindifficulty.2
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
Iprefermycoffeehot.Ipreferhotcoffee.Youmayaskthewomansittingatthetable.Whereveryougo,youcannotsucceedperseverance.Dareyourefusetogo?Don’tworryaboutme.Takecareofyourself.Youcanrelyonhimtodoanythingthatisnecessary.Alotofnoiseisgoingonoutside.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Hearingthegoodnewsthatourteamhadwonthegame,wejumpedwithjoy.SheexpressedthehopethatshewouldvisitChinaagainwhenwesawheroff.TheboynexttoMaryusuallywalkstoschoolexceptwhenitrains.Ialwayshelpwhoeverisinneedofhelp.ThereasonwhyIwaslateisthatIwascaughtinatrafficjam.Whathesaidatthemeetingsurprisedeveryonepresent.
II.句法
什么是句子?
KEY:含有主语和谓语成分并表达明确意思的语言单位称为句子。
e.g.Heworkshard.
Heisjumping.
Hehasbeenexamined.
句子的三种类型:
1.简单句(SimpleSentence):只有一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语的句子。
e.g.WelearnEnglish.
RobertandJimoftenstudyandplaytogether.
英语句子虽然变化多端,但都离不开以下六种基本句型:
(1)主语+谓语+(状语)
e.g.Johnstudiesverywell.
Thetaperecorderdoesn'tworkatall.
(2)主语+谓语+表语+(状语)
e.g.MiJonesisasecretary.
Hewasverysurprisedatthenews.
(3)主语+谓语+宾语+(状语)
e.g.Yesterdayonlyafewpeopleattendedthemeeting.
Hedidn’tthinkthatthecarwasexpressive.
(4)主语+谓语+双宾语+(状语)
e.g.IwroteTomaletteryesterday.
Motherwillbuymeadreformybirthday.
(5)主语+谓语+宾语+宾补+(状语)
e.g.Thejudgeprovedherinnocent.
Weconsidertheproposalimpractical.
(6)There+be+主语+(状语)
e.g.Thereisabookandtwopensonthedesk.
Therearetwopensandabookonthedesk.
2.并列句(CompoundSentence):由两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句构成。通常有并列连词或分号把这些句子连起来。
e.g.Themanboughtacarbuthiswifedidn’tknowaboutit.
Gohome,oryourmotherwillbeworried.
Igotuplatethismorning,soIwaslatefortheclass.
3.主从复合句(ComplexSentence):有一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。主句是句子的主体,从
句只是句子的一个成分。通常用从属连词把主句和从句连接起来。
e.g.Whathesaidprovedtobecorrect.
Hecametoknowthatknowledgeispower.
Beapupilbeforeyoubecomeateacher.
ThisisthenewbookIboughtlastweek.
Foodforthought?
1.Thesurgeonrepairedtheorganofthesickperson,laterhebegantorecover.
2.Turnleft,youwillfindthebank.
3.Therearemanyworkershere,mostofthemarewomen.
4.Workinghardandyouwilldoitwell.
5.Thoughhewasrich,buthedoesnotfeelhappy.
Translation:(并分析句子成分)
1.第一次世界大战于1914年爆发。
2.他被选为我们班的班长,因为他为大家所喜爱。
3.那个生气的老师叫粗心的学生把生词抄写50遍。
4.我们都知道一个单元通常由四个部分组成。
5.一进饭店,他就给自己叫了一杯咖啡。
6.他说的话似乎是对的。
7.听到好消息,所有在场的人都欢呼了起来。
8.每天,妈妈都看着女儿过马路。
9.去年我的生日,我父母给我买了一台电脑来鼓励我好好学习。
10.我们要做的第一件事是要相互了解。
句子成分和类型
英语句子成分2016-9-14(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:
Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名词)WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代词)
One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclaaregirls.(数词)
Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)
Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(动名词)
Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词)
WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主语从句)
Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.
2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(2)由系动词加表语构成。如:Wearestudents.
(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:
OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名词)
Isityours?(代词)
Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)
Thespeechisexciting.(分词)
Threetimessevenistwentyone?(数词)
HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)
Hishobby(爱好)isplayingfootball.(动名词)
Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介词短语)
Timeisup.Theclaisover.(副词)
Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表语从句)
(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:
Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代词)
Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(数词)
Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名词化形容词)
Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短语)
Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词短语)
Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(宾语从句)
宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.
(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:
HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名词)
Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容词)
Letthefreshairin.(副词)
Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短语)
Wesawherenteringtheroom.(现在分词)
Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介词短语)
Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(从句)
(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:
Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)
Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分词)
Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.(名词)
HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代词)
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短语)
Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(动名词)
HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介词短语)
(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:
Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组)
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介词短语)
Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短语)
Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分词短语)
Waitaminute.(名词)
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(状语从句)
状语种类如下:
Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(时间状语)
Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因状语)
Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.(条件状语)
MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地点状语)
Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式状语)
Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴随状语)
Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的状语)
Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(结果状语)
Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(让步状语)
Iamtallerthanheis.(比较状语)
练习一
1.Theyareworkingonthefarmnow.
2.Seeingisbelieving
3.AllofuslikeKobeBryantverymuch
4.Shebecameadoctorin1998
5.Thebooklyingontheflooraremine
6.Suddenlyitbegantorain
7.Tocatchthetrain,Igotupearlyyesterday
8.Ialwaysfindherhappy
9.HewondersifIstillstudyEnglish
10.TheletterwhichIreceivedthedaybeforeyesterdaywasafriendofmine
二、选择填空:
()1.____willleaveforBeijing.
A.NowtherethemanB.Themanherenow
C.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow
()2.Theweather____.
A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold
()3.Theappletasted____.
A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet
()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.
A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter
()5.Theactor______attheageof70.
http://www.oh100.com aded
()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.
A.We, http://www.oh100.com ,weC.We,ourD.We,we
()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.
A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly
()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.
A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis
()9.Thedog____mad.
A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked
()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.
A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where
练习一:
1They(主语)areworking(系表结构做谓语)onthefarm(地点状语)now(时间状语).
2.Seeing(动词ing做主语)is(谓语)believing(宾语)
3.Allofus(主语)like(谓语)KobeBryant(宾语)verymuch(程度副词状语)
4.She(主语)became(谓语)adoctor(宾语)in1998(时间状语)
5.Thebook(主语)lyingonthefloor(补语)are(谓语)mine(宾语)
6.Suddenly(状语)it(形式主语)begantorain(谓语)
7.Tocatchthetrain,(目的状语)I(主语)gotup(谓语)earlyyesterday(时间状语)
8.I(主语)alwaysfind(谓语)her(宾语)happy(状语)
9.He(主语)wonders(谓语)ifI(条件句中的主语)stillstudy(条件句中的谓语)English(条件句中的宾语)整个条件句做主干的宾语
10.Theletter(主语)whichIreceivedthedaybeforeyesterday(定语从句)was(谓语)afriendofmine(宾语)
二、1~5CBDBB6~10ACBAB
英语句子类型---TypesofEnglishSentences(结合步步高264)
I、句子种类(按交际用途分)
陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、Therebe/stand/lie/live存在句
1)陈述句(DeclarativeSentences):说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。
Lighttravelsfasterthansound.(说明事实)Thefilmisratherboring.(说明看法)
2)疑问句(InterrogativeSentences):提出问题。有以下四种:
a.一般疑问句(GeneralQuestions):Canyoufinishtheworkintime?你能按时完成工作吗?b.特殊疑问句(WQuestions;HQuestions):Wheredoyoulive?Howdoyouknowthat?c.选择疑问句(AlternativeQuestions):Doyouwantteaorcoffee?
d.反意疑问句(Tag-Questions):Hedoesn'tknowher,doeshe?
3)祈使句(ImperativeSentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令
Sitdown,please.请坐。Don'tbenervous!别紧张!
4)感叹句(ExclamatorySentences):表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪
Whatgoodnewsitis!多好的消息啊!
II、句子类型(按句子结构分)
简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句
1、简单句只包含一个主谓结构,个个成分都是单词或短语的句子。
AllroadsleadtoRome.Isheasuperman?
Don’tbeshy.Haveatry.Themandressedinblackseemstobeaspy.
2、并列句包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构,分句由并列连词and,then,but,or,orelse,so,for,while;both…and,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…,butalso,aswellas等来连接。
Heisabasketballfan,andhiswifeisavolleyballfan.
Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.
3、复合句复合句的某个成分,如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等,由另一个句子承当,即主语从句:Whathewantedtoknowishowtomakegooduseofthelimitedtime.
宾语从句:Herequestedthatsheshouldbedismissed(解雇)
表语从句:Heisnotwhatheusedtobe.
同位语从句:ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.
定语从句:Hewastheonlyoneoftheboyswhowaspraisedbytheheadmasteratthemeeting.状语从句:由以下词引导。
1)时间(after,before,as,when,while,since,till,until,
whenever,aslongas,assoonas;themoment,everytime,nexttime;nosooner…than,hardly…when);
2)地点(where,wherever);
3)方式(as,asif,asthough);
4)程度(as…as,morethan,so…that,such…that);
5)原因(because,since,as,nowthat,that);
6)结果(,sothat,so…that,such…that);
7)目的(sothat,inorderthat,incase);
8)条件(if,unless);
9)让步(though,although,evenif,eventhough,inspiteofthefactthat,whenever,wherever,whoever,whichever,However,nomatterhow,whether)。
4并列复合句,即:并列连词连接了带从句的并列句。
e.gEnglishiswidelyusedintheworld,butChinahasthelargestnumberofpeoplewhospeakChinese.
简单句的6种类型和句子成分的分析
英语三大基本句型
句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句和主从句。
一、简单句
简单句只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子。WealllearnEnglish.(一个主语和一个谓语)
Myfatherandmothergotoworkat7:00inthemorning.(一个并列主语和一个谓语)
Heoncelivedandworkedthere.(一个主语和一个并列谓语)
1.主语+谓语
这种句型简称为主谓结构,其谓语一般都是不及物动词,例:Thingschange.事物是变化的。Nobodywent.没有人去。--Didyougobysea?你们走的是海路吗?--NO,weflew.不,我们是飞去。
2.主语+连系动词+表语
这种句型称为主系表结构,其实连系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词,但实质上表语成了谓语,例:
Mr.Turnerisanartist.特纳先生是位画家。
Themilkturnedsour.牛奶变酸了。
Shebecamealawyer.她当了律师。
3.主语+谓语+宾语
这种句型可称为主谓宾结构,它的谓语一般多是及物动词,例:Weneverbeatchildren.我们从来不打孩子。
Mysisterwillfixeverything.我姐姐会料理一切。
4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语
这种句型可称为主谓宾宾结构,其谓语应是可有双宾语的及物动词,两个宾语一个是间接宾语,一个是直接宾语,例:
Hegavethebooktohissister.他把这本书给了他的妹妹。I'llwriteyoualongletter.我将写给你一封长信。
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
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这种句型可简称为主谓宾补结构,其补语是宾语补语,与宾语一起即构成复合宾语,例:
Ifoundthebookeasy.我发现这本书不难。(形容词easy作补语)I'lllethimgo.我将让他去。(不定式go用作补语)
注意:有时两个或更多的并列主语拥有一个共同的谓语,甚至并列有两个主语和两个谓语,这样的句子仍然是简单句,例:
ChinaandothercountriesintheeastAsiaaredevelopingrapidly.中国和东亚其它国家正在迅速地发展。(Chinaandothercountries并列主语)
Mr.WangandIoftenworktogetherandhelpeachother.王先生和我常在一起工作互相帮助。
6.Therebe+主语+状语(表示时间或则地点的状语)
这种句型是一种常见的特殊句式结构,它表示存在。
Thereis(not)atwinbedintheroom.房间里有(没有)一张双人床。
Thereare(not)alotoftouristswaitingfortheirturns.有(没有)许多游客在等着。
Therewillberaintomorrow.明天将有雨。
Theremustbesomethingwrong.一定有什么毛病了。
二、句子成分分析
(定语)主语(状语)谓语(定语)宾语(状语)
如:
(Thetall)boy(often)go(tothebig)zoo.
(Thehappy)childwent(his)home(yesterday)
句子成分划分巧计
主在前,谓在中,宾语状语后面冲。短语定语住宾后,形代定语住宾前。间宾直宾紧相连,直间之间to,for连。宾补位于宾语后,地状常在时状前。
一主语:
是一个句子的主体,一般放在谓语之前,是动作的实施者。
主语由名词,代词,数词,不定式,动词-ing形式或从句充当。
1.Maryisagoodstudents.(名词)
2.Unityisstrength.(名词)
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3.Heenjoyswalkinginthefields.(代词)
4.Fourplussixisten.(数词)
5.Toworkhardisimportant.(不定式短语)
6.ItismyjobtoteachthemEnglish.(不定式短语是真正的主语,it
为形式主语)
7.Smokingisbadforhealth.(动词-ing形式作主语)
8.Whenweshallgobackhasnotbeendecidedyet.(从句作主语,即主
语从句)
二谓语:
用来说明主语的动作或状态,表明主语是什么,做什么,或怎么样。
谓语由动词担当,可由各种时态的动词表示
1.Greathopesmakegreatmen.(动词)
2.Shelookedafterhimtwoyearsago.(动词词组)
3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.(助动词+动词)
4.ShecanspeakEnglishverywell.(情态动词+动词)
5.Thedictionaryismine.(连系动词+表语)
6.Shelookshappy.(连系动词+表语)
三宾语:
表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者,由名词,代词,不定式,相当于名词的
词或从句充当充当,一般放在及物动词或介词的后面。
(一)单宾语
1.Papercatchesfireeasily.(名词)
2.Hewilldoanythingforher.(代词)
3.Sheislisteningtoplaytheviolin.(不定式短语)
4.Hedoesn’tlikeswimming.(动词-ing形式)
5.Hesaidthathewouldcome.(从句,即宾语从句)
(二)双宾语(直接宾语sth+间接宾语sb)
常见的带双宾语的动词有:
givebringbuygetlendmakeofferpateachtell
writereadshowsendleavereturn
1.Motherboughtmeashirtyesterday.
2.ShetaughtusEnglishthen.
3.Isendmymothertwoletterslastmonth.
(三)复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)
有些及物动词带了宾语后,还需要有一个补足成分,才能使句意完整,即补
充说明宾语,能都充当宾补的词有名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,
分词(现在分词和过去分词)
常跟宾补的动词有:有
allow,ask,advise,call,elect,keep,consider,make,see,name,h
ave,get,help,wish,let,feel,hear,findsmell.1.Weelectedhim
ourmonitor.(名词)
2.Iwanthimback.(副词)
3.Cellphonesmakeitpossibleforustoanyonefromanywhere.形容词
4.Thedoctoradvisedmetohavemoreexercises.(不定式短语)
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5.IheardMarysinginginherroom.(动词-ing形式)
6.Hehadhiswatchrepairedyesterday.(过去分词)
7.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(介词短语)你请自便。
四表语:
放在连系动词be,become,seem,feelturn(当“变得”讲时)等之后,用来说明主语的特征,状态,身份等,可以充当表语的词有名词,动词-ed形式或句子
1.Hebecamekingwhenhewasonlyachild.(名词)
2.Thebookishers.(代词)
3.Heisfreetoday.(形容词)
4.Hermotherwillbebacksoon.(副词)
5.Imsixteen.(数词)
6.Heseemedworriedaboutit.(动词过去分词)
7.Itissurprisingtohearthenews.(动词现在分词)
8.Theproblemishowtofinishtheworkaheadoftime.(不定式短语)
9.ThisiswhatIwanttotellyou.(从句,即表语从句)
五定语:
用来修饰名词或代词,可作定于的词有名词,代词,数词,介词短语,不定式,动词-ing形式,动词-ed形式以及从句,定于分为前置定语和后置定语
1.YaoMingisanexcellentbasketballplayer.(形容词,前置)
2.Ronaldoisafootballplayer.(名词,前置)
3.Yourhairneedscutting.(代词,前置)
4.Thirtystudentsattendedtheparty.(数词,前置)
5.Heisinthesittingroom.(现在分词,前置)
6.Youcanseefallenleaveseverywhereinfall.(过去分词,前置)
7.Whoisthegirldancingoverthere?(现在分词短语,后置)
8.Thehotelbuiltlastyearisthebestinthecity.(过去分词短语,后置)
9.Thisthehousewhichwevisited.(从句,即定语从句,后置)
六状语:
用来修饰形容词,副词,动词或整个句子,用来表示时间,地点,原因,方式,程度,目的,结果,条件,让步,频度等情况。
通常用作状语的词有副词,介词短语,不定式,动词-ing形式,动词-ed形式,名词词组,从句等,状语一般放在词尾,但有的也放在句首或句中
1.Theplanewilltakeoffinafewminutes.(介词短语作地点状语)
2.Hecamelatebecauseoftherain.(介词短语作原因状语)
3.Shecuttheapplewiththeknife.(介词短语作方式状语)
4.Therearemuchfishinthelake.(介词短语作地点状语)
5.Theriverisverylong.(副词作程度状语)
6.Heranfasttocatchthetrain.(不定式作目的状语)
7.Shewokesuddenlytofindhimstandingnearthebed.(不定式作结果状语)
8.Turningtotheleft,youwillseethelibrary.(现在分词作条件状语)
9.Givenanotherchance,hewillsucceed.(过去分词作条件状语)4
10.Theywalkedinspiteoftheheavysnow.(介词短语作让步状语)
11.Heusuallygoestobedatten.(频度副词作状语)
12.Theyaregenerousalthoughtheyarepoor.(从句作状语,让步状语从句)
找出下列句子的句子成分并翻译出来:
1.Thefarmcoveredthousandsofacres.(英亩)
2.Don'tleavethewaterrunningallthetime.
3.Theplaceisworthtobevisited.
4.OnlythendidIrealizeIwaswrong.
5.Therestoftheappleisrotten.(腐烂的)
6.Ichoosetogotoworkbybus.
7.Thereareplentyofrestaurantstochoosefrom.
8.Imetherbychance.
9.Icameacroanoldphotointhedrawer.(抽屉)
10.Thechildtriedtocatchtheteacher'seye.
11.Iintendtofinishthetexttoday.
12.Shelooksyoungconsideringherage.
13.CarryonworkingwhileIamaway.
14.Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实
15.TheworkerandwriterisfromWuhan.(工人和作家是同一个人)
16.Somethinghasgonewrongwithmywatch.
17.Theywerestrugglingtogetoutoftheburningcar.
18.Shedidwanttohavewhatiscalledmobilephone.
19.Wethinkitisnecessarytoworkhard.
20.Seekingfriendshipishumannature.
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