英语句子成分及结构

英语句子成分及结构 | 楼主 | 2017-07-11 03:59:02 共有3个回复
  1. 1英语句子成分及结构
  2. 2英语句子成分分析及结构
  3. 3英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

从句主动语态中的宾语补足语可以转化为被动语态中的主语补足语,注其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展变化或省略而构成,一将句子和其所属的基本句型搭配,附属成分是基本成分的修饰语。

英语句子成分及结构2017-07-11 03:57:51 | #1楼回目录

英语句子成分及结构

(一)句子成分

构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

(二)主语:

主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:

Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名词)WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代词)

One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclaaregirls.(数词)

Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)

Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(动名词)

Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词)

WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主语从句)

Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)

(三)谓语

谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:

1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(2)由系动词加表语构成。如:(四)表语:

表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词VL之后。系动词大致可分为三类:1.be动词类

2.感官类feel/taste/smell/sound/seem/look/appear…

3.变化类become/get/grow/turn/come/go…

4.状态保持类stay/remain(保持,仍然是)/keep/proveetc.

表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:

OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名词)

Isityours?(代词)

Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)

Thespeechisexciting.(分词)

Threetimessevenistwentyone?(数词)

HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)

Hishobby(爱好)isplayingfootball.(动名词)

Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介词短语)

Timeisup.Theclaisover.(副词)

Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表语从句)

(五)宾语宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:

Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)

Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代词)

Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(数词)

Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名词化形容词)

Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短语)

Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词短语)

Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(宾语从句)

宾语种类:

(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.

(六)宾语补足语和主语补足语

英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:

HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名词)

Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容词)

Letthefreshairin.(副词)

Youmustn'tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短语)

Wesawherenteringtheroom.(现在分词)

Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介词短语)

Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(从句)主动语态中的宾语补足语,可以转化为被动语态中的主语补足语。

(七)定语:

修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:

Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)

Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分词)

Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名词)

HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代词)

Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短语)

Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(动名词)

HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介词短语)

定语从句)

(八)状语:

修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:

Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组)

Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介词短语)

Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短语)Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分词短语)

Waitaminute.(名词)

Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(状语从句)

状语种类如下:

Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(时间状语)

Lastnightshedidn'tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因状语)

Ishallgothereifitdoesn'train.(条件状语)

MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地点状语)

Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式状语)

Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴随状语)

Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的状语)

Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(结果状语)

Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(让步状语)

Iamtallerthanheis.(比较状语)

(九)同位语

当一个概念词在前,后面的词、词组或者句子是在解释前者时,后者就是前者的同位语。Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.

ournewteacher是主词Mr.Smith的同位语,指同一人。

YesterdayImetTom,afriendofmybrother's.

afriendofmybrother's是受词Tom的同位语,指同一人。

HehimselftoldmethathisbrotherJohnisaworld-famousdoctor.。

himself和John都是单一的字作同位语。句子thatyouweresick是名词thefact的同位语从句

(二)简单句句子结构

1、主语+系动词+表语:e.g.Heisastudent.

2、主语+不及物动词:e.g.Wework.

3、主语+及物动词+宾语:e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.

4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.

5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.

注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。

主语、动词(不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分,至多4个基本成分。

一.将句子和其所属的基本句型搭配。

Anneandherfamilyhidaway.主语+不及物动词(S+Vi)Weneedfriends.主语+及物动词+宾语(S+Vt+O)

Iwasupset(a.不安的)主语+系动词+表(S+LV+predicative)Tomgavemeapresent主语+双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir)AnnenamedherdiaryKitty.主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语(S+Vt.+O+ http://www.oh100.com )

二.分析句子结构,并按例句划出句子主要成分。

例:Lindarecovered(vi恢复)(S+Vi)经历,遭受)

.itself

outdoors(ad.在户外地)

http://www.oh100.com uldonhowtolearnEnglishwell?

附属成分是基本成分的修饰语。可以是:

定语:即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句

状语:即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。

三.划出下列句子的状语或定语。

找出定语

1.PoorJohntotteredtowardahospitalnearby.

2.ShelikesorangesimportedfromtheUSA.

3.Doyouwantafriendwhomyoucouldtelleverythingto

4.therewasatimewhenadeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.(v.吸引人;迷人)

5.Haveyouseenthebookonthedesk?

6.Ihavegrowncrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature

7.Iamonlyabletolookatnaturethroughdirtycurtainshangingbeforeverydustywindows.(悬挂在沾满灰尘窗前的)

8.Peopletherelikesports.

找出状语

1.Istayedawakeonpurpose[故意地]untilhalfpasteleveninorderto(为了)haveagoodlookatthemoonbymyself.

2.Thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirely(adv.完全地,整个地)intheirpower.

3.Thestreetlightsgoonatdusk.[黄昏]

4.Shestoodfacetoface(面对面地)withhim

5.Sheandherfamilyhidawayfortwenty-fivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered.

6.Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy.

7.Ashewasill,hedidntcometoclayesterday

四.句子中的省略。

句中被省略的成分,虽然未说出来,却在句中表示一定的意思:

1_______Comehere.

2._______Goodluck!

3.Somegavehimpraises,butothersrotteneggs.

)walkingthedog(遛狗),youwerecareleanditgotlooseandwashitbyacar.

5.Hopeyoulikeit.

6.JohnshouldcleantheroomtodayandPetertomorrow.

(三)并列句

需把几个意思连接在一起时,可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来,这种结构即构成一个并列句。

连接几个简单句成为并列句有以下几种方式:

Wefishedallday.Wedidntcatchathing.

用分号:

Wefishedallday____wedidntcatchathing

用分号,后跟一个连接副词:

Wefishedallday_________,wedidntcatchathing.

用并列连词(如and、but、so、yet等)

Wefishedallday,__________-didntcatchathing

常用并列连词如下:

平行并列连词:and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor,andthen

转折并列连词:but,however,while,yet

因果并列连词:for,so

选择并列连词:or,either…or,neither…nor

五.请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句

1.Areyouafraidthatyourfriendwouldlaughatyou?Areyouafraidthathewouldnotunderstandyou.

2.AnneFranklovedherdiary.Shemadeherdiaryherbestfriend.

3.Shesufferedfromloneliness.Shehadtolearntolikeitthere.

4.Anne′sfamilywasJewish(a,犹太人的).Theyhadtohide.Ifnot,theywouldbecaughtbytheGermanNazis.(n.纳粹党人)

5.Pleasedrawthecurtains(拉上窗帘).(添标点符号)Thesunlightistoobright.

六.翻译下列并列句。

1Studyhard,______________________instudy.(progress)

努力学习的话,你会在学习上取得巨大进步。

2.Dontbelatenexttime,________________________(fireV.解雇)

下次别迟到了,否则的话你会被解雇的。

3.Rightnowitisthesummervacation_______________________________________(help)现在正是暑假,而我正在农场给父亲帮忙。

4.Itrainedyesterday,__________________________________________(putoff)

昨天下雨了,因此比赛推迟了。

5.__________________________________.(neither)

他既不抽烟也不喝酒。

.(四)复合句

由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个

主句连用,不能独立存在。复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接在一起构成,但复合句的各组成部份并非同等重要,其中一个句子由从属连词引导(从句),用以修饰另一句子(主句)。

复合句=主句+从句

复合句是在简单句的基础上,通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句:

1.主语从句:Whathewantstotellusisnotclear

2.宾语从句:HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow

3.表语从句:Thats

4.同位语从句:havenoideawhenhewillreturn.

以上从句称为为名词性从句。

5.定语从句:定语从句称为形容词性从句

6.状语从句:

(1)ShefeltnervouswhenItalkedtoher.

(2)DontcomeunleItelephone.

(3)Althoughheispoor,hesstillhappy

(4)Theycanthavegoneoutbecausethelightson

(5)Wherethereisariver,thereisalwaysacity

(6)Hestudiedsohardthathepassedtheexam

(7)WheninRome,pleasedoasRomansdo.

(8)Hegetsupveryearlysothat(inorderthat为了)hecancatchthefirstbus.

(9)Hedoesnthaveasmanybooksasyoudo.

状语从句又称为副词性从句。

七.指出下列句子中含有什么类型的从句。2.Idon′twanttosetdown(记下)aseriesof(一系列的),Ididntdareopenawindow.tgocampingwiththem.八.指出短文中句子是简单句,并列句还是符合句,并指出复合句中的从句类型。

(1)Smokingcigarettesisharmful(a.有害的)toyourhealth.(2)Experiments(n.实验)showthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.(3)Besides(prep..此外,除了)themostseriousandterriblediseases(illness)----cancers,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblem.(4)Forexample,itcangiveonea“smokerscough”(5).Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.(6)Whether(无论是,不管是)yougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekillercancer,smokingisharmful

英语句子成分分析及结构2017-07-11 03:58:26 | #2楼回目录

8种基本句子成分:

1.主语:表句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。通常在句子前面,充当主语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句、句子等。

e.g.Thetreesgrowveryfast.

2.谓语:说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。通常在主语后(出疑问和倒装外)。一般由动词来充当。

e.g.Theplanetakesoffat8,butthismorningitmaybedelayedbythethickfog.

3.宾语:表动作行为的对象,在及物动词或介词后。充当宾语的有名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、从句、句子等。

e.g.Hetakesabatheverymorning.

4.表语:与系动词连用,一起构成谓语部分,说明主语的性质和特征。长在系动词之后。充当表语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语从句等。

e.g.Heturneddoctorafterschool,ashisparentshadexpected.

Oh,it’syou.

5.定语:用来修饰名词或代词。单个词长放在被修饰词前面,短语或句子在被修饰词之后。充当定语的有数词、名词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、从句等。

e.g.Morethantwentyworkerswerefired.

Thisisastonetableandhardenoughtoholdtheloadofgoods.

6.状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词,表动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式等。位置比较灵活。充当状语的有副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、形容词、形容词词组和名词词组、从句等。

e.g.Tomspeaksenglishveryfastandialmostcan’tunderstandhim.

Don’tsteponhtgrass,foritisgrowing.

7.补足语:名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等皆可做补足语。e.g.Weallfindhimfunny.

Willyoupleaseinviteallofthemin?

8.同位语:对句中的某一成分做进一步解释、说明,与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫同位语。常位于呗说明的词之后。可以作同位语的有名词、代词、数词、和从句等。

e.g.Wehavetwoforeignstudents,aCanadianandanAmerican.

Theyeachcangetachancetotravelbyair.

1

5种简单基本句型:

1.主语+谓语(不及物)(S+Vi)

Shecame.Wework.Myheadaches.

2.主语+谓语(及物)+宾语(S+Vt+O)

Shelikesbasketball.IstudyFrench.

3.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补(S+Vt+O+OC)

Shemakeshermotherangry.Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.

4.主语+谓语+间宾+直宾(S+Vt+INO+DO)

ShegaveJohnabook.Sheboughtmeapen.

5.主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)

Theyarestudents.Theleavesturnedgreen.Ittastesdelicious.

另:Therebe句型:

A:therebe“某地有某人某物”

Therearefourseasonsinayear.

B:运用其他动词的Therebe结构(be,seem,appear,happen,exist)

Thereseemedtobenoonewhoreallyunderstandme.

Thereliesabookonthedesk.

C:Therebeno+主语结构,(习惯上用V-ing形式做主语)

Thereisnoparkingaroundhere.

附:常见系动词有:

be,become,get,turn,grow,taste,smell,feel,seem,look,appear,stand,lie,go,come,remain,keep,etc.

附属成分:

但常用的英语句并不都象基本句型这样简短,这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(modifier)而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。我们称为:定语(用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句)、状语(用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句)定语,.状语.JohnmakesMaryveryangry.’tcometoclayesterday.You’2

独立成分:

句中可以去掉的成份,去掉后不影响句子的完整性。这种成份和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。

感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,alas等。Oh,Whatisthat?

肯定词yes

否定词no

称呼语:称呼人的用语。Comehere,John.

插入语:一些句中插入的Ithink,Ibelieve,等。

Thestory,Ithink,hasnevercometotheend.

情态词:表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,actually实际上,certainly当然,等。

省略成份:

句中被省略的成份,虽然未说出来,却在句中表示一定的意思:

(You)Comehere.

(Iwishyou)Goodluck!

Somegavehimpraises,butothers(gavehim)rotteneggs.

Herunsasfastas,if(hedoes)not(run)faster,thanyou.

(I)Hopeyoulikeit.

JohnshouldcleantheroomtodayandPeter(shouldcleanit)tomorrow.

练习:指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分:

dependontheweather.

2.People’sstandardsofliving5.I’llreturnthebook7.TherearemanyfilmIwon’tstopyoufromdoingit.

11.12.13.14.3

15.16.17.18.It19.20.选择题

1、___sixyearssinceIbegantostudyEnglish.

A.ItisB.IhavebeenC.ThereareD.Itwas

2、___inEnglishinclaeverydayisimportant.

A.SpeakB.TalkingC.SayingD.Totell

3、Theremustbe____nearthefactory.

A.abookstoreB.bookstoreC.booksstoreD.booksstores

4、Thedoctoraswellasthenurses___greatconcernforthepatients.

A.showB.showsC.haveshownD.areshowing

5、Yoursonmustbeacleverboy,___he?

A.isB.isn'tC.mustD.mustn't

6、Thecomputercenter,___lastyear,isverypopularamongstudentsinthisschool.

A.openB.openingC.openedD.beingopened

7、Don't___excited.

A.getB.isC.seemD.look

8、Thedaysare___warmerandwarmerinspring.

A.gettingB.lookingC.seemingD.going

9、Hisjobis____English.

A.teachB.toteachC.taughtD.teaches

10、___interestingworkwearedoing!

A.WhataB.HowC.WhatD.Whatan

11、Iwant___ateacherwhenIgrowup.

A.tobeB.toC.beD.being

12、-Wouldyouliketogoonapicnicwithmetoday?

4

-Idon'tthinkso.Tobehonest,Ireallydon'tfeellike___onapicnic.

A.goingB.togoC.goD.went

13、Doyouknow___?

A.wheredoesheliveB.wherehelives

C.whereheliveD.ifwherehelives

14、Isawhim___basketballwithJackanhourago.

http://www.oh100.com layC.playedD.play

15、Sorry,we'vekeptyou___foralongtime.

A.waitedB.singC.standD.waiting

16、Theteachertoldus____lateagain.

A.aren'tbeB.don'tbeC.nottobeD.notbe

17、Ifound___difficulttoworktogetherwithhim.

A.itB.itsC.thatD.those

18、Weallknow___ourdutytocleanourclassroomafterschooleveryday.

A.thatB.thisC.whichD.it

19、Hefound___veryinterestingtoplaywiththelittledog.

A.whatB.itC./D.that

20、Tomsaidhe___agooddreamyesterdayevening.

A.dreamB.dreamedC.haveD.has

21、Children___ahappylifeinChina.

A.leadB.livingC.hasD.leading

22、-___skirtisthatonthechair?

-Letmesee.Oh,no,it'snotmine.

A.WhoseB.WhatC.Who'sD.Which

23、Doyouhaveanything___?

A.sayingB.tosayC.saidD.say

24、Theboxis___heavyforher___carry.

A.very;toB.too;nottoC.too;toD.verytoo;to

25、Youcanseethesesignsinahospital.___canyouseethem?

A.WhereelseB.Whereplaceelse

C.WhereelseplaceD.Elsewhere

26、Theywentout___theiroldfriends.

A.visitB.visitingC.tovisitD.visited

27、Thereisawideriver____ourvillage.

A.outsideB.overC.fromD.below

28、Theyoungman,___worksintheoffice.

A.mebrotherB.mybrotherC.mybrothersD.me

29、OurEnglishteacher,___oftenhelpsuswithstudy.

A.MrsWangB.Mrs’WangC.MrsWang'sD.ofhim

30、___,somerailwayworkersarebusyrepairingthetrain.

A.ThemB.HeC.TheyD.Theirs

简单句:

简单句只有一个限定动词(即只有一个主谓结构),它是最小的句子单位。

主要起下列四种作用中的一种:A作一种陈述,B提出一个问题,C发出一种命令

或请求,D表示一种感叹.

Examples:

Theboyhitthedog./Thedogbittheboy.

Thegirlreadthebooks./Thebookspleasedthegirl.

Stephenapologizedatonce.

Doestheshopcloseat7tonight?

Shutthedoor.

Whataslowtrainthisis!

两个简单句的宾语可由and、bothand等连词连接组成一个简单句。

1.ImetJane.Imetherhusband.

2.Itwascold.Itwaswet.

3.Ididn’tmeetJane.Ididn’tmeetherhusband.

Ididn’两个或两个以上限定动词也可合并为一个简单句。

Wesangallnight.Wedancedallnight.

并列句:

需把几个意思连接在一起时,可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连

接起来,这种结构即构成一个并列句。

Wefishedallday;wedidn’tcatchathing.(用分号)

Wefishedallday;however,wedidn’tcatchathing.(用分号,后跟一个连接副词)

Wefishedallday,but(we)didn’tcatchathing.(用并列连词and、but、so、yet等)

常用并列连词:

平行并列连词:and,bothand,notonlybutalso,neithernor,andthen

转折并列连词:but,however,while,yet

因果并列连词:for,so

选择并列连词:or,eitheror,neithernor

Exercise:

请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。

1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.

______________________________________________________________

2.Thechildhidbehindhismother'sskirt.Hewasafraidofthedog.

______________________________________________________________

3.Hemadeapromise.Hedidn’tkeepit.

______________________________________________________________

复合句:

由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广

泛。主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须

和一个主句连用,不能独立存在。复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接在一起

构成,但复合句的各组成部份并非同等重要,其中一个句子由从属连词引导(从

句),用以修饰另一句子(主句)。

复合句=主句+从句复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句

复合句是在简单句的基础上,通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在

一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要

包含以下类型从句:

形容词性从句:定语从句

名词性从句:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句

状语从句:时间、地点、方式、条件、原因、比较、结果、目的、让步

1.Hetoldmethenews.

moneywithoutdelay.

2.Idon’tknowhim.

3.Thatsurprisedthepeopleintheroom.

’tknowtheanswer4.Thatisthefact.

5.Heworkedinthatfactorythreeyearsago.

Whereyoutookit

6.Putthebookonthedesk.

Whereyoufoundit

练习:

指出下列各从句的类型

1.2.3.用所给连词连接句子。

1.Hehasfoundout.Shewaslate.(why)

______________________________________________________________

2.Istillremembertheday.IfirstwenttoYorkonthatday.(when)

______________________________________________________________

将各组句子连接为一个含有状语从句的复合句。

1.Hedidn’tcomeyesterday.Hewasill.(原因)

______________________________________________________________

2.I’llgivethelettertohim.Iseehim.(时间)

______________________________________________________________

3.Itissuchabigbox.Nobodycanmoveit.(结果)

______________________________________________________________

4.We’llgotothegreatwall.It’sfinetomorrow.(条件)

______________________________________________________________

5.Weshouldnotgothereallthetime.Theplaceisquitepleasant.(让步)

______________________________________________________________

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习2017-07-11 03:57:25 | #3楼回目录

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

1.主语(subject)句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)Helikesdancing.(代词)

Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)

Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)

Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)

2.谓语(predicate)说明主语的动作、状态和特征。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.

3.表语(predicative)系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.(名词)

Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)Heisasleep.(形容词)Hisfatherisin.(副词)

Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)

Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词)

Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.(不定式)Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表语从句)

(常见的系动词有be,sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来),taste(尝、吃起来),

remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉)...

Itsoundsagoodidea.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.

Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thedoorremainsopen.

4.宾语:

1)动作的承受者-----动宾IlikeChina.(名词)Hehatesyou.(代词)Weneedtwo.(数词)

Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)

Didyouwritedownwhathesaid(宾语从句)

2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake.

Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.

3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.

5.宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)

Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.(名词)Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)

Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语)Don’tlethimdothat.(省to不定式)

Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to不定式)Don’tkeepthelightsburning.(现在分词)I’llhavemybikerepaired.(过去分词)

6.主补:对主语的补充。Hewaselectedmonitor.

Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.

Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.

7.定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Yanlingisachemistryteacher.(名词)Heisourfriend.(代词)

Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词)

Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词)Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)

Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinCla2.(现在分词)

Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(过去分词)Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)

YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句)

8.状语:用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,或者句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。

(以下例句按上述顺序排列)

Iwillgotheretomorrow.

Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.

Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.

Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpatheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.

Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.

基本句子结构

简单句的五个基本句型

主语+谓语Shecame./Myheadaches.主语+谓语+宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语+系动词+表语Sheishappy.

主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook.

Sheboughtabookforme.

主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry.

Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.

There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.

分析下列句子成分

1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.

2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou

3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.

4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.

5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.

6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.

7.---Iloveyoumorethanher,child.

8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.

9.Theypushedthedooropen.、

10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.

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