从句主动语态中的宾语补足语可以转化为被动语态中的主语补足语,注其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展变化或省略而构成,一将句子和其所属的基本句型搭配,附属成分是基本成分的修饰语。
英语句子成分及结构
英语句子成分及结构
(一)句子成分
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:
Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名词)WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代词)
One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclaaregirls.(数词)
Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)
Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(动名词)
Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词)
WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主语从句)
Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
(三)谓语
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.
2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(2)由系动词加表语构成。如:(四)表语:
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词VL之后。系动词大致可分为三类:1.be动词类
2.感官类feel/taste/smell/sound/seem/look/appear…
3.变化类become/get/grow/turn/come/go…
4.状态保持类stay/remain(保持,仍然是)/keep/proveetc.
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:
OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名词)
Isityours?(代词)
Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)
Thespeechisexciting.(分词)
Threetimessevenistwentyone?(数词)
HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)
Hishobby(爱好)isplayingfootball.(动名词)
Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介词短语)
Timeisup.Theclaisover.(副词)
Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表语从句)
(五)宾语宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:
Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代词)
Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(数词)
Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名词化形容词)
Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短语)
Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词短语)
Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(宾语从句)
宾语种类:
(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.
(六)宾语补足语和主语补足语
英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:
HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名词)
Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容词)
Letthefreshairin.(副词)
Youmustn'tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短语)
Wesawherenteringtheroom.(现在分词)
Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介词短语)
Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(从句)主动语态中的宾语补足语,可以转化为被动语态中的主语补足语。
(七)定语:
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:
Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)
Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分词)
Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名词)
HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代词)
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短语)
Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(动名词)
HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介词短语)
定语从句)
(八)状语:
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:
Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组)
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介词短语)
Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短语)Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分词短语)
Waitaminute.(名词)
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(状语从句)
状语种类如下:
Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(时间状语)
Lastnightshedidn'tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因状语)
Ishallgothereifitdoesn'train.(条件状语)
MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地点状语)
Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式状语)
Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴随状语)
Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的状语)
Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(结果状语)
Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(让步状语)
Iamtallerthanheis.(比较状语)
(九)同位语
当一个概念词在前,后面的词、词组或者句子是在解释前者时,后者就是前者的同位语。Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.
ournewteacher是主词Mr.Smith的同位语,指同一人。
YesterdayImetTom,afriendofmybrother's.
afriendofmybrother's是受词Tom的同位语,指同一人。
HehimselftoldmethathisbrotherJohnisaworld-famousdoctor.。
himself和John都是单一的字作同位语。句子thatyouweresick是名词thefact的同位语从句
(二)简单句句子结构
1、主语+系动词+表语:e.g.Heisastudent.
2、主语+不及物动词:e.g.Wework.
3、主语+及物动词+宾语:e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.
4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.
5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.
注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。
主语、动词(不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分,至多4个基本成分。
一.将句子和其所属的基本句型搭配。
Anneandherfamilyhidaway.主语+不及物动词(S+Vi)Weneedfriends.主语+及物动词+宾语(S+Vt+O)
Iwasupset(a.不安的)主语+系动词+表(S+LV+predicative)Tomgavemeapresent主语+双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir)AnnenamedherdiaryKitty.主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语(S+Vt.+O+ http://www.oh100.com )
二.分析句子结构,并按例句划出句子主要成分。
例:Lindarecovered(vi恢复)(S+Vi)经历,遭受)
.itself
outdoors(ad.在户外地)
http://www.oh100.com uldonhowtolearnEnglishwell?
附属成分是基本成分的修饰语。可以是:
定语:即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句
状语:即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。
三.划出下列句子的状语或定语。
找出定语
1.PoorJohntotteredtowardahospitalnearby.
2.ShelikesorangesimportedfromtheUSA.
3.Doyouwantafriendwhomyoucouldtelleverythingto
4.therewasatimewhenadeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.(v.吸引人;迷人)
5.Haveyouseenthebookonthedesk?
6.Ihavegrowncrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature
7.Iamonlyabletolookatnaturethroughdirtycurtainshangingbeforeverydustywindows.(悬挂在沾满灰尘窗前的)
8.Peopletherelikesports.
找出状语
1.Istayedawakeonpurpose[故意地]untilhalfpasteleveninorderto(为了)haveagoodlookatthemoonbymyself.
2.Thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirely(adv.完全地,整个地)intheirpower.
3.Thestreetlightsgoonatdusk.[黄昏]
4.Shestoodfacetoface(面对面地)withhim
5.Sheandherfamilyhidawayfortwenty-fivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered.
6.Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy.
7.Ashewasill,hedidntcometoclayesterday
四.句子中的省略。
句中被省略的成分,虽然未说出来,却在句中表示一定的意思:
1_______Comehere.
2._______Goodluck!
3.Somegavehimpraises,butothersrotteneggs.
)walkingthedog(遛狗),youwerecareleanditgotlooseandwashitbyacar.
5.Hopeyoulikeit.
6.JohnshouldcleantheroomtodayandPetertomorrow.
(三)并列句
需把几个意思连接在一起时,可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来,这种结构即构成一个并列句。
连接几个简单句成为并列句有以下几种方式:
Wefishedallday.Wedidntcatchathing.
用分号:
Wefishedallday____wedidntcatchathing
用分号,后跟一个连接副词:
Wefishedallday_________,wedidntcatchathing.
用并列连词(如and、but、so、yet等)
Wefishedallday,__________-didntcatchathing
常用并列连词如下:
平行并列连词:and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor,andthen
转折并列连词:but,however,while,yet
因果并列连词:for,so
选择并列连词:or,either…or,neither…nor
五.请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句
1.Areyouafraidthatyourfriendwouldlaughatyou?Areyouafraidthathewouldnotunderstandyou.
2.AnneFranklovedherdiary.Shemadeherdiaryherbestfriend.
3.Shesufferedfromloneliness.Shehadtolearntolikeitthere.
4.Anne′sfamilywasJewish(a,犹太人的).Theyhadtohide.Ifnot,theywouldbecaughtbytheGermanNazis.(n.纳粹党人)
5.Pleasedrawthecurtains(拉上窗帘).(添标点符号)Thesunlightistoobright.
六.翻译下列并列句。
1Studyhard,______________________instudy.(progress)
努力学习的话,你会在学习上取得巨大进步。
2.Dontbelatenexttime,________________________(fireV.解雇)
下次别迟到了,否则的话你会被解雇的。
3.Rightnowitisthesummervacation_______________________________________(help)现在正是暑假,而我正在农场给父亲帮忙。
4.Itrainedyesterday,__________________________________________(putoff)
昨天下雨了,因此比赛推迟了。
5.__________________________________.(neither)
他既不抽烟也不喝酒。
.(四)复合句
由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个
主句连用,不能独立存在。复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接在一起构成,但复合句的各组成部份并非同等重要,其中一个句子由从属连词引导(从句),用以修饰另一句子(主句)。
复合句=主句+从句
复合句是在简单句的基础上,通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句:
1.主语从句:Whathewantstotellusisnotclear
2.宾语从句:HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow
3.表语从句:Thats
4.同位语从句:havenoideawhenhewillreturn.
以上从句称为为名词性从句。
5.定语从句:定语从句称为形容词性从句
6.状语从句:
(1)ShefeltnervouswhenItalkedtoher.
(2)DontcomeunleItelephone.
(3)Althoughheispoor,hesstillhappy
(4)Theycanthavegoneoutbecausethelightson
(5)Wherethereisariver,thereisalwaysacity
(6)Hestudiedsohardthathepassedtheexam
(7)WheninRome,pleasedoasRomansdo.
(8)Hegetsupveryearlysothat(inorderthat为了)hecancatchthefirstbus.
(9)Hedoesnthaveasmanybooksasyoudo.
状语从句又称为副词性从句。
七.指出下列句子中含有什么类型的从句。2.Idon′twanttosetdown(记下)aseriesof(一系列的),Ididntdareopenawindow.tgocampingwiththem.八.指出短文中句子是简单句,并列句还是符合句,并指出复合句中的从句类型。
(1)Smokingcigarettesisharmful(a.有害的)toyourhealth.(2)Experiments(n.实验)showthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.(3)Besides(prep..此外,除了)themostseriousandterriblediseases(illness)----cancers,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblem.(4)Forexample,itcangiveonea“smokerscough”(5).Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.(6)Whether(无论是,不管是)yougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekillercancer,smokingisharmful
英语句子成分分析及结构
8种基本句子成分:
1.主语:表句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。通常在句子前面,充当主语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句、句子等。
e.g.Thetreesgrowveryfast.
2.谓语:说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。通常在主语后(出疑问和倒装外)。一般由动词来充当。
e.g.Theplanetakesoffat8,butthismorningitmaybedelayedbythethickfog.
3.宾语:表动作行为的对象,在及物动词或介词后。充当宾语的有名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、从句、句子等。
e.g.Hetakesabatheverymorning.
4.表语:与系动词连用,一起构成谓语部分,说明主语的性质和特征。长在系动词之后。充当表语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语从句等。
e.g.Heturneddoctorafterschool,ashisparentshadexpected.
Oh,it’syou.
5.定语:用来修饰名词或代词。单个词长放在被修饰词前面,短语或句子在被修饰词之后。充当定语的有数词、名词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、从句等。
e.g.Morethantwentyworkerswerefired.
Thisisastonetableandhardenoughtoholdtheloadofgoods.
6.状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词,表动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式等。位置比较灵活。充当状语的有副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、形容词、形容词词组和名词词组、从句等。
e.g.Tomspeaksenglishveryfastandialmostcan’tunderstandhim.
Don’tsteponhtgrass,foritisgrowing.
7.补足语:名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等皆可做补足语。e.g.Weallfindhimfunny.
Willyoupleaseinviteallofthemin?
8.同位语:对句中的某一成分做进一步解释、说明,与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫同位语。常位于呗说明的词之后。可以作同位语的有名词、代词、数词、和从句等。
e.g.Wehavetwoforeignstudents,aCanadianandanAmerican.
Theyeachcangetachancetotravelbyair.
1
5种简单基本句型:
1.主语+谓语(不及物)(S+Vi)
Shecame.Wework.Myheadaches.
2.主语+谓语(及物)+宾语(S+Vt+O)
Shelikesbasketball.IstudyFrench.
3.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补(S+Vt+O+OC)
Shemakeshermotherangry.Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.
4.主语+谓语+间宾+直宾(S+Vt+INO+DO)
ShegaveJohnabook.Sheboughtmeapen.
5.主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)
Theyarestudents.Theleavesturnedgreen.Ittastesdelicious.
另:Therebe句型:
A:therebe“某地有某人某物”
Therearefourseasonsinayear.
B:运用其他动词的Therebe结构(be,seem,appear,happen,exist)
Thereseemedtobenoonewhoreallyunderstandme.
Thereliesabookonthedesk.
C:Therebeno+主语结构,(习惯上用V-ing形式做主语)
Thereisnoparkingaroundhere.
附:常见系动词有:
be,become,get,turn,grow,taste,smell,feel,seem,look,appear,stand,lie,go,come,remain,keep,etc.
附属成分:
但常用的英语句并不都象基本句型这样简短,这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(modifier)而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。我们称为:定语(用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句)、状语(用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句)定语,.状语.JohnmakesMaryveryangry.’tcometoclayesterday.You’2
独立成分:
句中可以去掉的成份,去掉后不影响句子的完整性。这种成份和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。
感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,alas等。Oh,Whatisthat?
肯定词yes
否定词no
称呼语:称呼人的用语。Comehere,John.
插入语:一些句中插入的Ithink,Ibelieve,等。
Thestory,Ithink,hasnevercometotheend.
情态词:表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,actually实际上,certainly当然,等。
省略成份:
句中被省略的成份,虽然未说出来,却在句中表示一定的意思:
(You)Comehere.
(Iwishyou)Goodluck!
Somegavehimpraises,butothers(gavehim)rotteneggs.
Herunsasfastas,if(hedoes)not(run)faster,thanyou.
(I)Hopeyoulikeit.
JohnshouldcleantheroomtodayandPeter(shouldcleanit)tomorrow.
练习:指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分:
dependontheweather.
2.People’sstandardsofliving5.I’llreturnthebook7.TherearemanyfilmIwon’tstopyoufromdoingit.
11.12.13.14.3
15.16.17.18.It19.20.选择题
1、___sixyearssinceIbegantostudyEnglish.
A.ItisB.IhavebeenC.ThereareD.Itwas
2、___inEnglishinclaeverydayisimportant.
A.SpeakB.TalkingC.SayingD.Totell
3、Theremustbe____nearthefactory.
A.abookstoreB.bookstoreC.booksstoreD.booksstores
4、Thedoctoraswellasthenurses___greatconcernforthepatients.
A.showB.showsC.haveshownD.areshowing
5、Yoursonmustbeacleverboy,___he?
A.isB.isn'tC.mustD.mustn't
6、Thecomputercenter,___lastyear,isverypopularamongstudentsinthisschool.
A.openB.openingC.openedD.beingopened
7、Don't___excited.
A.getB.isC.seemD.look
8、Thedaysare___warmerandwarmerinspring.
A.gettingB.lookingC.seemingD.going
9、Hisjobis____English.
A.teachB.toteachC.taughtD.teaches
10、___interestingworkwearedoing!
A.WhataB.HowC.WhatD.Whatan
11、Iwant___ateacherwhenIgrowup.
A.tobeB.toC.beD.being
12、-Wouldyouliketogoonapicnicwithmetoday?
4
-Idon'tthinkso.Tobehonest,Ireallydon'tfeellike___onapicnic.
A.goingB.togoC.goD.went
13、Doyouknow___?
A.wheredoesheliveB.wherehelives
C.whereheliveD.ifwherehelives
14、Isawhim___basketballwithJackanhourago.
http://www.oh100.com layC.playedD.play
15、Sorry,we'vekeptyou___foralongtime.
A.waitedB.singC.standD.waiting
16、Theteachertoldus____lateagain.
A.aren'tbeB.don'tbeC.nottobeD.notbe
17、Ifound___difficulttoworktogetherwithhim.
A.itB.itsC.thatD.those
18、Weallknow___ourdutytocleanourclassroomafterschooleveryday.
A.thatB.thisC.whichD.it
19、Hefound___veryinterestingtoplaywiththelittledog.
A.whatB.itC./D.that
20、Tomsaidhe___agooddreamyesterdayevening.
A.dreamB.dreamedC.haveD.has
21、Children___ahappylifeinChina.
A.leadB.livingC.hasD.leading
22、-___skirtisthatonthechair?
-Letmesee.Oh,no,it'snotmine.
A.WhoseB.WhatC.Who'sD.Which
23、Doyouhaveanything___?
A.sayingB.tosayC.saidD.say
24、Theboxis___heavyforher___carry.
A.very;toB.too;nottoC.too;toD.verytoo;to
25、Youcanseethesesignsinahospital.___canyouseethem?
A.WhereelseB.Whereplaceelse
C.WhereelseplaceD.Elsewhere
26、Theywentout___theiroldfriends.
A.visitB.visitingC.tovisitD.visited
27、Thereisawideriver____ourvillage.
A.outsideB.overC.fromD.below
28、Theyoungman,___worksintheoffice.
A.mebrotherB.mybrotherC.mybrothersD.me
29、OurEnglishteacher,___oftenhelpsuswithstudy.
A.MrsWangB.Mrs’WangC.MrsWang'sD.ofhim
30、___,somerailwayworkersarebusyrepairingthetrain.
A.ThemB.HeC.TheyD.Theirs
简单句:
简单句只有一个限定动词(即只有一个主谓结构),它是最小的句子单位。
主要起下列四种作用中的一种:A作一种陈述,B提出一个问题,C发出一种命令
或请求,D表示一种感叹.
Examples:
Theboyhitthedog./Thedogbittheboy.
Thegirlreadthebooks./Thebookspleasedthegirl.
Stephenapologizedatonce.
Doestheshopcloseat7tonight?
Shutthedoor.
Whataslowtrainthisis!
两个简单句的宾语可由and、bothand等连词连接组成一个简单句。
1.ImetJane.Imetherhusband.
2.Itwascold.Itwaswet.
3.Ididn’tmeetJane.Ididn’tmeetherhusband.
Ididn’两个或两个以上限定动词也可合并为一个简单句。
Wesangallnight.Wedancedallnight.
并列句:
需把几个意思连接在一起时,可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连
接起来,这种结构即构成一个并列句。
Wefishedallday;wedidn’tcatchathing.(用分号)
Wefishedallday;however,wedidn’tcatchathing.(用分号,后跟一个连接副词)
Wefishedallday,but(we)didn’tcatchathing.(用并列连词and、but、so、yet等)
常用并列连词:
平行并列连词:and,bothand,notonlybutalso,neithernor,andthen
转折并列连词:but,however,while,yet
因果并列连词:for,so
选择并列连词:or,eitheror,neithernor
Exercise:
请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。
1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.
______________________________________________________________
2.Thechildhidbehindhismother'sskirt.Hewasafraidofthedog.
______________________________________________________________
3.Hemadeapromise.Hedidn’tkeepit.
______________________________________________________________
复合句:
由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广
泛。主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须
和一个主句连用,不能独立存在。复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接在一起
构成,但复合句的各组成部份并非同等重要,其中一个句子由从属连词引导(从
句),用以修饰另一句子(主句)。
复合句=主句+从句复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句
复合句是在简单句的基础上,通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在
一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要
包含以下类型从句:
形容词性从句:定语从句
名词性从句:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句
状语从句:时间、地点、方式、条件、原因、比较、结果、目的、让步
1.Hetoldmethenews.
moneywithoutdelay.
2.Idon’tknowhim.
3.Thatsurprisedthepeopleintheroom.
’tknowtheanswer4.Thatisthefact.
5.Heworkedinthatfactorythreeyearsago.
Whereyoutookit
6.Putthebookonthedesk.
Whereyoufoundit
练习:
指出下列各从句的类型
1.2.3.用所给连词连接句子。
1.Hehasfoundout.Shewaslate.(why)
______________________________________________________________
2.Istillremembertheday.IfirstwenttoYorkonthatday.(when)
______________________________________________________________
将各组句子连接为一个含有状语从句的复合句。
1.Hedidn’tcomeyesterday.Hewasill.(原因)
______________________________________________________________
2.I’llgivethelettertohim.Iseehim.(时间)
______________________________________________________________
3.Itissuchabigbox.Nobodycanmoveit.(结果)
______________________________________________________________
4.We’llgotothegreatwall.It’sfinetomorrow.(条件)
______________________________________________________________
5.Weshouldnotgothereallthetime.Theplaceisquitepleasant.(让步)
______________________________________________________________
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
1.主语(subject)句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)Helikesdancing.(代词)
Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)
Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)
Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)
2.谓语(predicate)说明主语的动作、状态和特征。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.
3.表语(predicative)系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.(名词)
Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)Heisasleep.(形容词)Hisfatherisin.(副词)
Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)
Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词)
Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.(不定式)Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表语从句)
(常见的系动词有be,sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来),taste(尝、吃起来),
remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉)...
Itsoundsagoodidea.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.
Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thedoorremainsopen.
4.宾语:
1)动作的承受者-----动宾IlikeChina.(名词)Hehatesyou.(代词)Weneedtwo.(数词)
Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)
Didyouwritedownwhathesaid(宾语从句)
2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake.
Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.
3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.
5.宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)
Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.(名词)Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)
Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语)Don’tlethimdothat.(省to不定式)
Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to不定式)Don’tkeepthelightsburning.(现在分词)I’llhavemybikerepaired.(过去分词)
6.主补:对主语的补充。Hewaselectedmonitor.
Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.
Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.
7.定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Yanlingisachemistryteacher.(名词)Heisourfriend.(代词)
Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词)
Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词)Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)
Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinCla2.(现在分词)
Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(过去分词)Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)
YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句)
8.状语:用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,或者句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
(以下例句按上述顺序排列)
Iwillgotheretomorrow.
Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.
Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.
Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpatheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.
Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.
基本句子结构
简单句的五个基本句型
主语+谓语Shecame./Myheadaches.主语+谓语+宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语+系动词+表语Sheishappy.
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook.
Sheboughtabookforme.
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry.
Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.
There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.
分析下列句子成分
1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.
2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou
3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.
4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.
5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.
6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.
7.---Iloveyoumorethanher,child.
8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.
9.Theypushedthedooropen.、
10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.