作形式主语真正的主语为后面的不定式，七定语修饰名词或代词的词短语或从句称为定语，三用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语状语补语，作形式主语真正的主语为后面的不定式，七定语修饰名词或代词的词短语或从句称为定语
英语划分句子成分练习题及答案
英语划分句子成分
（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclaaregirls.（数词）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词）
WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句）
Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.
2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.
（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如※以肯定的语气叙述主语状态时，要用系动词be※表示说话人所感知的主语的特征或状态时，系动词用look,feel,sound,taste,smell※表示主语状态变化时，系动词用become,get,grow,come,turn(若跟名词不加冠词)，fall(asleep,ill,silent)等，后面大多数接形容词作表语。但become,turn亦可接名词作表语等※表示主语的持续时，系动词用remain,stay,keep,continue※从印象的角度说明主语所处的状态和特征时，系动词用appeartobe(常用于书面)，seem(tobe)☆1、其后要求接形容词，而不是副词作表语。要特别注意的是有些动词既可以作系动词，又可作实意动词的用法。遇到这种情况时，只能先根据其意思判断清楚到底是前者还是后者，然后再对后面的词性和词义作出判断和选择。2、这类词不用进行时。3、系动词无被动式)。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）Isityours?（代词）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）Thespeechisexciting.（分词）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（动名词）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语）Timeisup.Theclaisover.（副词）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）
（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）
Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代词）
Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（数词）
Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短语）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.动名词短语）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），要求双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的动词，直接宾语提前，动词后加to或for，现归纳如下。①后面加to的动词：give给tell告诉bring带来send寄，送hand交给read读pa递给return把……还给……lend借给throw扔……给……leave留给promise许诺，答应refuse拒绝
②后面加for的动词：get得到make制造，做buy买do做play演奏order命令
sing唱歌pay为……而付钱
（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.
（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词+宾语+宾补。※宾语+名词”常用于改结构的动词有：call,name,make,find,choose,think,leave※宾语+形容词”常见的动词有think,believe,leave,drive,make,keep,turn,wish,want▲“宾语+副词”。▲“宾语+介词短语”。▲“宾语+不定式”。充当宾补的不定式有三种：A要求带to的不定式B要求不带to的不定式let,make,have，see,,watch,,lookat,hear,listento,feel等，用不定式作宾语补语时，要省去“to”。但用于被动语态时，还要加上“to等C单词help后可加to或不加to▲“宾语+现在分词”see,,watch,,lookat,hear,listento,feel▲“宾语+过去分词”▲形式宾语＋形容词▲宾语+what从句+※主补：对主语的补充。
例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名词）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容词）Letthefreshairin.（副词）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短语）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（从句）
（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）
Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）
Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名词）
HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）
Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）
HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介词短语）
（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组）
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语）
Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短语）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分词短语）Waitaminute.（名词）
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（状语从句）
简单句的五种基本句型口诀
英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。句型种类为动词，后接什么是关键；vt.又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见；还有宾语补足语，各种搭配记心间。
注意：带特殊疑问词的不定式短语作直接宾语是一种很常用的形式，基本句型是：S+V+O(间接)+疑问词+不定式
简单句的五个基本句型
主语＋不及物动词Shecame．/Myheadaches.
主语＋及物动词＋宾语ShelikesEnglish.
主语＋系动词＋表语Sheishappy．
主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook．
Sheboughtabookforme.
主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry．
Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.
（There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.）
练习一
一、指出下列句子句子成分：
1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!
5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.
8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.
10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.
12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.
14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.
16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.
18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.
20.Theapplestastedsweet.21.Whenyoucroamainroad,youmustbecareful.
22Hewentouttoplayfootballafterhehadfinishedhishomework.
23Waituntilyouarecalled.24Ican'trecognizeyou.Youaresochangedsincelastwemet.25Hedidn'tgotoschooluntilhewaseleven.26.Youcanusemyhouseaslongasyouarecareful.
27.Heissoterribleonceheisdrunk.28IlistentotheradiowhileIwalkeveryevening.
29.Putitwhereyoufoundit.You'llbelate,unleyouhurry.30Ididjustasyoutoldme。
31.Theyaresuchwonderfulplayersthatnoonecanbeatthem.
32.Wearrivedearly, http://www.oh100.com
34.Hisfatherdiedtheyear(that/when/inwhich)hewasborn.
35.Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.
36.Whetherhewillcomeisnotclear.Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.
37.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.
38.Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest?
39.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.40.It'sapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave
41.·Heisyoungbutheworkshard.42..Heworkshard,soheisatopstudentofclass
42.Hurryup,orwe'llbelate.44.Werarelystayinhotels,forwecan’taffordit
45.Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.46.Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.
47.Itshouldbedoneatonce.48.Hewasseentocomein.49.LilywasgivenastickerbyJack
50.Isacarbeingdrivennow?
二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：
Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.
三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：
MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.
InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.
四、选择填空：
()1.____willleaveforBeijing.
A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow
2.Theweather____.A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold
()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet
()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter
()5.Theactor______ http://www.oh100.com aded
()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.
A.We, http://www.oh100.com ,weC.We,ourD.We,we
()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly
()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis
()9.Thedog____mad.A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked
()10.Iwillneverforgettheday____Ijoinedthearmy.A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where1Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal.2Themeetingwilllasttwohours.
3Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.
4Thisboxweighsfivekilos.5IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.
6Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.7.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.
8Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.9.Jimcannotdrehimself.
10.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.11.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.
12MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.13Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.
14Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.15Thereportsoundsinteresting.
15MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear16Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.17Wouldyoupleasepamethedictionary?18Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.
19WecallherAlice.20Allofusconsideredhimhonest.21Theyhavesetthethieffree.22Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.23Heaskedustojoininthegame
24TomorrowI’llhavesomeonerepairthemachine.25EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud..26’llgetmyrecordermended.27Sheislisteningtosomeonetellingstories.28Hefeltitverydifficulttotalkwithyou.
29Iconsideritpossibletoworkouttheprobleminanotherway.
30Theschoolmadeitarulethatthestudentsshouldstandupwhenclabegins.
Therebe句型
1Thereisn’tgoingtobeameetingtonight.
5Theweathermansaysthere’llbeastrongwindintheafternoon.6
6Thelightison.Theremustbesomeoneiontheoffice.
7Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.8Therehappenedtobenobodyintheroom.9Once,therelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.10Therecomesthebus.
11Thereremainedjusttwenty-eightdollars.
12Infrontofthecave,therestands(grows)atallpinetree.
13Theregoesthebell.14Therearetwenty-eightdaysinFebruary