莎士比亚第十二夜语录

TwelfthNight,OrWhatYouWillisacomedybyWilliamShakespeare,basedontheshortstory"OfApoloniusandSilla"byBarnabeRich.ItisnamedaftertheTwelfthNightholidayoftheChristmasseason.Itwaswrittenaround1601andfirstpublishedintheFirstFolioin1623.Themaintitleisbelievedtobeanafterthought,createdafterJohnMarstonpremieredaplaytitledWhatYouWillduringthecourseofthewriting.

莎士比亚第十二夜语录

Illyria,thesettingofTwelfthNight,isimportanttotheplay'sromanticatmosphere.ItisanancientregionontheeasterncoastoftheAdriaticSeacoveringpartsofmodernCroatia,MontenegroandAlbania,but,inthecontextofallegory,isthoughttobeanimaginaryplace.IllyriaismentionedinoneofthesourceplaysforTwelfthNight,Plautus'sMenæchmi,asaplacewhere,asinTwelfthNight,atwinwentlookingforhisbrother.Shakespearehimselfmentioneditpreviously,inHenryVI,PartII,notingitsreputationforpirates.

LikemanyofShakespeare'scomedies,thisonecentresonm-istakenidentity.Theleadingcharacter,Viola,isshipwreckedontheshoresofIllyriaduringtheopeningscenes.Shelosescontactwithhertwinbrother,Sebastian,whomshebelievesdead.PosingasamanandmasqueradingasayoungpageunderthenameCesario,sheenterstheserviceofDukeOrsino.OrsinoisinlovewiththebereavedLadyOlivia,whosebrotherhasrecentlydied,anddecidestouse"Cesario"asanintermediary.Olivia,believingViolatobeaman,fallsinlovewiththishandsomeandeloquentmessenger.Viola,inturn,hasfalleninlovewiththeDuke,whoalsobelievesViolaisaman,andwhoregardsherashisconfidant.

WhenSebastianarrivesonthescene,confusionensues.MistakinghimforViola,Oliviaaskshimtomarryher,andtheyaresecretlybetrothed,withapromisetobemarriedwhenthetimeisright.Finally,whenthetwinsappearinthepresenceofbothOliviaandtheDuke,thereismorewonderandaweattheirsimilarity,atwhichpointViolarevealssheisreallyafemaleandthatSebastianisherlosttwinbrother.TheplayendsinadeclarationofmarriagebetweentheDukeandViola,TobyandMaria,andOliviaandSebastian,thoughthemarriagesdonottakeplaceduringtheplay.

Scenefrom"TwelfthNight,"ActIIIbyFrancisWheatleyMuchoftheplayistakenupwiththecomicsubplot,inwhichseveralcharactersconspiretomakeOlivia'spompousheadsteward,Malvolio,believethathisladyOliviawishestomarryhim.ItinvolvesOlivia'suncle,SirTobyBelch;herwould-besuitor,asillysquirenamedSirAndrewAguecheek;herservantsMariaandFabian;andherf-ather'sfavoritefool,Feste.SirTobyandSirAndrewdisturbthepeaceoftheirlady'shousebykeepinglatehoursandperpetuallysingingcatchesattheverytopoftheirvoices,promptingMalvoliotochastisethem.ThisisthebasisforSirToby,SirAndrew,andMaria'srevengeonMalvolio.

Maria,SirToby,SirAndrewAguecheekandcompanyconvinceMalvoliothatOliviaissecretlyinlovewithhim,andwritealetterinOlivia'shand,askingMalvoliotowearyellowstockingscross-gartered,berudetotherestoftheservants,andtosmileinallcircumstances.Olivia,saddenedbyViola'sattitudetoher,asksforherchiefsteward,andisshockedbyaMalvoliowhohasseeminglylosthismind.Sheleaveshimtothecontrivancesofhistormentors.

PretendingthatMalvolioisinsane,heislockedupinaroom(acommon"treatment"forthementallyill),withaslitforlight.Festevisitshimtomockhis"insanity",oncedisguisedasthepriest,andagainashimself.AttheendoftheplayMalvoliolearnsoftheirconspiracyandstormsoffpromisingrevenge,buttheDukedispatchessomeone(probablyFabian)topacifyhim.

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