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刘备临终前说的话
自古以来就有“人之将死,其言也善”的说法,专制统治者说了一辈子牛话、横话、大话,到了也免不了说两句真话或者人话。不过,即便是真话,这里面也有个三六九等。
三国蜀汉的创立者刘备死前跟儿子说(虽然没有直接见面):“勿以恶小而为之,勿以善小而不为!惟贤惟德,可以服人。”这更像是告诉儿子做人的道理。
同样属于割据政权的前秦开国皇帝苻健死前对儿子苻生则说:“六夷酋师及大臣执权者,若不从汝命,宜渐除之。”这是告诉儿子杀人的道理。
南朝齐明帝肖鸾死前跟儿子肖宝卷说:“做事不可在人后。”这是告诉儿子整人的道理。
所以,司马温公发过感慨:“知其不忠。则勿任而已矣。任以大柄,又从而猜之,鲜有不召乱者也。”
实际上,不论是苻生还是肖宝卷,别说做多少年的皇帝,起码连个正常死亡都没混上。
更可笑的是满清的那位康熙老儿在看了三国刘备托孤这幕之后,也发了个议论:“三国人以诡诈相尚,鄙哉”。话音未落多久,自己就落得个非正常死亡,死因到现在都是个谜,康熙活着的时候就说五福之内考终寿最难,到最后他自己也没有捞到。你说“三国人以诡诈相尚”,你康熙老儿父子之间至死不相明,难道还敢鄙视三国人吗?
不怕不识货,就怕货比货。比来比去,说到底还是三国人比较坦荡一些。
单纯解释是阿斗如不成气候可取而代之,实际上是逼诸葛亮在刘备死前表态要忠于刘氏集团,这就是刘备的高明之处,也可以解释刘备为什么手下有这么好的文臣武将,驭人术一流。
【出处】《三国志·蜀书·先主传》裴松之注。
“勿以恶小而为之,勿以善小而不为。惟贤惟德,能服於人。”
这是刘备临终前给其子刘禅的遗诏中的话,劝勉他要进德修业,有所作为。好事要从小事做起,积小成大,也可成大事;坏事也要从小事开始防范,否则积少成多,也会坏大事。所以,不要因为好事小而不做,更不能因为不好的事小而去做。小善积多了就成为利天下的大善,而小恶积多了则“足以乱国家”。
这个遗嘱,集中体现了刘备的以“仁”为核心的执政理念,也是对刘禅的政治遗嘱。在《三国演义》中,刘备说过一段话:今与吾水火相敌者,曹操也。操以急,吾以宽;操以暴,吾以仁;操以谲,吾以忠;每与操相反,事乃可成。东汉后期,汉皇室衰微,天下大乱,豪强纷起,军阀割据。在这种形势下,要使政局稳定,各人有各人的看法和观点,曹操认为,天下大乱的根源在于朝廷的法度过宽,或者是执行不力,所以,要使政局稳定,就要严刑峻法,树立起政府的绝对权威。而当时的刘备,为了对抗曹操,为了收拢人心,形成自己的势力,从而恢复和光大汉家江山,就采取了和曹操完全相反的政策,以“宽、仁、忠”为指导思想,形成以“仁”为核心执政理念。在当时的形势下,曹操的“急、暴、谲”,虽然实用,取得了一定的效果,形成自己的势力和地盘,但也遭到了许多人的反对,而反对曹操的人,肯定会投奔到刘备的旗下,所以,刘备也逐渐壮大势力,在三国鼎立时代成为“鼎”之一足。
扩展阅读:
非常经典有深度的电影英文台词
1.一个人总要走陌生的路,看陌生的风景,听陌生的歌,然后在某个不经意的瞬间,你会发现,原本是费尽心机想要忘记的事情真的就那么忘记了。
One is always on a strange road, watching strange scenery and listening to strange music. Then one day, you will find that the things you try hard to forget are already gone.
2.幸福,不是长生不老,不是大鱼大肉,不是权倾朝野。幸福是每一个微小的生活愿望达成。当你想吃的时候有得吃,想被爱的时候有人来爱你。
Happiness is not about being immortal nor having food or rights in one's hand. It’s about having each tiny wish come true, or having something to eat when you are hungry or having someone's love when you need love.
3.爱情是灯,友情是影子,当灯灭了,你会发现你的周围都是影子。朋友,是在最后可以给你力量的人。
Love is a lamp, while friendship is the shadow. When the lamp is off,you will find the shadow everywhere. Friend is who can give you strength at last.
4.我爱你不是因为你是谁,而是我在你面前可以是谁。
I love you not for who you are, but for who I am before you.
5.爱情,要么让人成熟,要么让人堕落。
Love makes man grow up or sink down.
6.举得起放得下的叫举重,举得起放不下的叫负重。可惜,大多数人的爱情,都是负重的。
If you can hold something up and put it down, it is called weight-lifting; if you can hold something up but can never put it down,it's called burden-bearing. Pitifully, most of people are bearing heavy burdens when they are in love.
7.我们每个人都生活在各自的过去中,人们会用一分钟的时间去认识一个人,用一小时的时间去喜欢一个人,再用一天的时间去爱上一个人,到最后呢,却要用一辈子的时间去忘记一个人。
We all live in the past. We take a minute to know someone, one hour to like someone, and one day to love someone, but the whole life to forget someone.
8.一个人一生可以爱上很多的人,等你获得真正属于你的幸福之后,你就会明白一起的伤痛其实是一种财富,它让你学会更好地去把握和珍惜你爱的人。
One may fall in love with many people during the lifetime. When you finally get your own happiness, you will understand the previous sadness is kind of treasure, which makes you better to hold and cherish the people you love.
9.年轻的时候会想要谈很多次恋爱,但是随着年龄的增长,终于领悟到爱一个人,就算用一辈子的时间,还是会嫌不够。慢慢地去了解这个人,体谅这个人,直到爱上为止,是需要有非常宽大的胸襟才行。
When you are young, you may want several love experiences. But as time goes on, you will realize that if you really love someone, the whole life will not be enough. You need time to know, to forgive and to love. All this needs a very big mind.
10.当明天变成了今天成为了昨天,最后成为记忆里不www.oh100.com再重要的某一天,我们突然发现自己在不知不觉中已被时间推着向前走,这不是静止火车里,与相邻列车交错时,仿佛自己在前进的错觉,而是我们真实的在成长,在这件事里成了另一个自己。
When tomorrow turns in today, yesterday, and someday that no more important in your memory, we suddenly realize that we are pushed forward by time. This is not a train in still in which you may feel forward when another train goes by. It is the truth that we've all grown up. And we become different.
11.离开我就别安慰我,要知道每一次缝补也会遭遇穿刺的痛。
If you leave me, please don't comfort me because each sewing has to meet stinging pain.
12.曾经拥有的,不要忘记。不能得到的,更要珍惜。属于自己的,不要放弃。已经失去的,留作回忆。
Don’t forget the things you once you owned. Treasure the things youcan’t get. Don't give up the things that belong to you and keep those lost things in memory.
13.我喜欢并习惯了对变化的东西保持着距离,这样才会知道什么是最不会被时间抛弃的准则。比如爱一个人,充满变数,我于是后退一步,静静的看着,直到看见真诚的感情。
I love and am used to keeping a distance with those changed things.Only in this way can I know what will not be abandoned by time. For example, when you love someone, changes are all around. Then I step backward and watching it silently, then I see the true feelings.
14.男人的爱是俯视而生,而女人的爱是仰视而生。如果爱情像座山,那么男人越往上走可以俯视的女人就越多,而女人越往上走可以仰视的男人就越少。
Men love from overlooking while women love from looking up. If love is a mountain, then if men go up, more women they will see while women will see fewer men.
15.好的爱情是你通过一个人看到整个世界,坏的爱情是你为了一个人舍弃世界。
Good love makes you see the whole world from one person while bad love makes you abandon the whole world for one person.
16.在自己面前,应该一直留有一个地方,独自留在那里。然后去爱。不知道是什么,不知道是谁,不知道如何去爱,也不知道可以爱多久。只是等待一次爱情,也许永远都没有人。可是,这种等待,就是爱情本身。
We shall always save a place for ourselves, only for ourselves. And then begin to love. Have no idea of what it is, who he is, how to love or how long it will be. Just wait for one love. Maybe no one will come out, but this kind of waiting is the love itself.
17.有谁不曾为那暗恋而痛苦?我们总以为那份痴情很重,很重,是世上最重的重量。有一天,暮然回首,我们才发现,它一直都是很轻,很轻的。我们以为爱的很深,很深,来日岁月,会让你知道,它不过很浅,很浅。最深和最重的爱,必须和时日一起成长。
Is there anyone who hasn't suffered for the secret love? We always think that love is very heavy, heavy and could be the heaviest thing in the world. But one day, when you look back, you suddenly realize that it's always light, light. We all thought love was very deep, but in fact it's very thin. The deepest and heaviest love must grow up withthe time.
18.在这个世界上,只有真正快乐的男人,才能带给女人真正的快乐。
In this world, only those men who really feel happy can give women happiness
19.女人如果不性感,就要感性;如果没有感性,就要理性;如果没有理性,就要有自知之明;如果连这个都没有了,她只有不幸。
If a woman is not sexy, she needs emotion; if she is not emotional, she needs reason; if she is not reasonable, she has to know herself clearly. coz only she has is misfortune.
20.一段不被接受的爱情,需要的不是伤心,而是时间,一段可以用来遗忘的时间。一颗被深深伤了的心,需要的不是同情,而是理解。
An unacceptable love needs no sorrow but time- sometime for forgetting.A badly-hurt heart needs no sympathy but understanding.
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