2015年考研答案
A]The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out: consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption on 1995 to 35% in 2000 and is expected to approach 38% by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5% a year as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternation.
[B]Retail, sales of food and drink in Europe's largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retails have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion aboard. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.
[C]Will such variations bring about a change in overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide. What to buy. At any rate, this change and international consumers, regardleof how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.
[D]All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale, existing infrastructure, and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rank in substantial profits thereby. At last, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest nation market especially in their customer segment and wholesale structures, a as well as the competitive dynamics.
[E]Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined---France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores, which, unlike large retail chains are too small to buy straight when they don't eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”: hotels, restaurants and cafes. Overall, Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures when assed together, mask two opposing trends.
[F]for example, wholesale food and drink sales came to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000 --- more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail ; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often ;and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last ma-ki-ng it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.
[G]However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large food producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, foe those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap 46. 参考译文：科学家们赶紧拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾，大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们吃掉。
句子的主干是“scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence”. 后接that 引导的同位语从句。 “to the effect ”是“大致意思是，大概是说的意思 ”。
句子结构整体不难，但隐藏着一些有难度的单词和短语，比如“jump to the rescue, distinct，shaky。 此句难度不大
47. 参考译文：但是我们至少已经几乎承认了这样一种观点：那就是鸟儿的生存是它们的固有权利，不管它对我们是否有经济利益。
句子整体结构是一个that引导的宾语从句。
句子整体结构相对简单。
48.参考译文：曾几何时，生物学家总是重述以下的这条证据：这些生物是为了维持食物链的正常运行去捕食弱小的生物或“没有价值的物种”。
需要注意的是Time was when，应翻译成曾几何时，是一个固定搭配。
49. 参考译文：在生态林业较为先进的欧洲，没有成为商业化对象的树种被视为原始森林群落的成员适当地加以保护。
句子的'主干是“the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community”，是一个被动语态。句子开头是一个where引导的定语从句，to be preserved是修饰noncommercial tree species的成分。
需要注意的是within reason和native forest community，是两个固定搭配
此句结构不难，但分析起来比较复杂。
50．参考译文：他容易忽视并最终消灭很多缺乏商业价值的物种，然而这些物种对于整个生物群落的健康运行是至关重要的。
句子的主干很简单，即“it tends to ignore and eliminate many elements”. 后接that引导的两个定语从句，但先行词都是elements。 翻译时可先将主干翻译出来，然后将第一个定于从句嵌在主干中，but后的定语从句分开翻译。
这句话翻译起来相对简单，结构不复杂。
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