定语从句的语法

时间:2025-01-13 12:19:57 登绮 英语 我要投稿

定语从句的语法

  语法,在五世纪时被鸠摩罗什作为梵文 vyākaraa(离析,转指语言分析)的译名,而唐代经学家孔颖达所用「语法」为语助用法之意。下面是小编为大家收集的定语从句的语法,仅供参考,希望能够帮助到大家。

  定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任,修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例)

  例: The girl behind the tree is Kate.

  The man driving too fast was a drunk.

  定语从句

  在英语中,修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。

  例: The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.

  The man who was driving too fast was a drunk.

  关系词判 断 步 骤 :

  首先,要辨别出先行词。 如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用

  who, that, whom ,whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that

  1.which指物,做主语或宾语 (作宾语可省 略, 2.who指人,做主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)

  3.whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,

  4.关系代词that 指人/物,做主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)

  有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which

  1.,只能用that引导从句.

  This is the most interesting story ( that )I have ever heard.

  The first meeting ( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.

  2.先行词是all, something, nothing, anything不定代词时,只能用that.

  Here is something ( that) I will tell you.

  Not all that glitters is gold.

  3.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引出从句

  I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that) I see.

  4.先行词是one of, the one, 或用little ,few, no, all ,any 作修饰,用that

  Is it the one that you want ?

  We haven’t got much that we can offer you.

  5.当主句已有疑问词 who或which时,关系词用that

  Which is the bike that you lost?

  Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?

  从例句中看出,who、that在许多情况下可以通用,但有时宜用用who,而不用that

  1.先行词是one(s) ,anyone, someone, those时,关系词使用who

  Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.

  One who has nothing to fear oneself dares to tell the truth.

  2.在there be 句型中,先行词指人,关系词用who

  There is an old man who wants to see you.

  There are many young men who are against him.

  关系副词是用来引导定语从句的,它和关系代词一样,具有3种作用。

  在从句中代替先行词。在句中作状语 连接作用,把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句 关系副词有三种:

  where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点. ( on in/at…which)=that when: 在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。(on / in…which)=that why: 在从句中作原因状语,指代原因 =that

  关系副词的用法:

  1.where 的用法:(先行词应是地点名词)

  The hotel wasn’t clean. + We stayed at the hotel

  =The hotel where we stayed wasn’t clean

  =The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t clean.

  =The hotel which we stayed at wasn’t clean

  =The hotel 关系词略we stayed at wasn’t clean

  2.when的用法: (先行词应是表示时间的名词)

  I’ll never forget the day. + I joined the League on that day. I’ll never forget the day that I joined the League.(口语) I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the League . I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League.

  3.why的用法: ( 表示原因的名词) s to invite you to a party

  定语从句

  定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

  关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。

  关系副词有:when, where, why等。

  一、关系代词引导的定语从句

  关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

  1)who, whom, that

  这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:

  Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

  He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

  2)Whose

  用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:

  They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

  Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

  3)which, that

  它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:

  A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)

  The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)

  二、关系副词引导的定语从句

  关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

  1)when, where, why

  关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:

  There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

  Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

  Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

  2)that代替关系副词

  that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:

  His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

  He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

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定语从句的语法

  语法,在五世纪时被鸠摩罗什作为梵文 vyākaraa(离析,转指语言分析)的译名,而唐代经学家孔颖达所用「语法」为语助用法之意。下面是小编为大家收集的定语从句的语法,仅供参考,希望能够帮助到大家。

  定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任,修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例)

  例: The girl behind the tree is Kate.

  The man driving too fast was a drunk.

  定语从句

  在英语中,修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。

  例: The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.

  The man who was driving too fast was a drunk.

  关系词判 断 步 骤 :

  首先,要辨别出先行词。 如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用

  who, that, whom ,whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that

  1.which指物,做主语或宾语 (作宾语可省 略, 2.who指人,做主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)

  3.whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,

  4.关系代词that 指人/物,做主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)

  有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which

  1.,只能用that引导从句.

  This is the most interesting story ( that )I have ever heard.

  The first meeting ( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.

  2.先行词是all, something, nothing, anything不定代词时,只能用that.

  Here is something ( that) I will tell you.

  Not all that glitters is gold.

  3.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引出从句

  I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that) I see.

  4.先行词是one of, the one, 或用little ,few, no, all ,any 作修饰,用that

  Is it the one that you want ?

  We haven’t got much that we can offer you.

  5.当主句已有疑问词 who或which时,关系词用that

  Which is the bike that you lost?

  Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?

  从例句中看出,who、that在许多情况下可以通用,但有时宜用用who,而不用that

  1.先行词是one(s) ,anyone, someone, those时,关系词使用who

  Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.

  One who has nothing to fear oneself dares to tell the truth.

  2.在there be 句型中,先行词指人,关系词用who

  There is an old man who wants to see you.

  There are many young men who are against him.

  关系副词是用来引导定语从句的,它和关系代词一样,具有3种作用。

  在从句中代替先行词。在句中作状语 连接作用,把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句 关系副词有三种:

  where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点. ( on in/at…which)=that when: 在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。(on / in…which)=that why: 在从句中作原因状语,指代原因 =that

  关系副词的用法:

  1.where 的用法:(先行词应是地点名词)

  The hotel wasn’t clean. + We stayed at the hotel

  =The hotel where we stayed wasn’t clean

  =The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t clean.

  =The hotel which we stayed at wasn’t clean

  =The hotel 关系词略we stayed at wasn’t clean

  2.when的用法: (先行词应是表示时间的名词)

  I’ll never forget the day. + I joined the League on that day. I’ll never forget the day that I joined the League.(口语) I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the League . I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League.

  3.why的用法: ( 表示原因的名词) s to invite you to a party

  定语从句

  定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

  关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。

  关系副词有:when, where, why等。

  一、关系代词引导的定语从句

  关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

  1)who, whom, that

  这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:

  Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

  He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

  2)Whose

  用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:

  They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

  Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

  3)which, that

  它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:

  A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)

  The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)

  二、关系副词引导的定语从句

  关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

  1)when, where, why

  关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:

  There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

  Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

  Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

  2)that代替关系副词

  that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:

  His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

  He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。