他们的悲伤并不是刻骨铭心的而是轻描淡写，梅洛说他的部分奖金将用于慈善事业，两位科学家在得知获奖后分别对媒体发表了简短的获奖感言，他说正有一大群人站在我门外他打算跟他们来一杯香槟。
诺贝尔奖获奖感言
诺贝尔奖获奖感言
威廉·福克纳
我认为这个奖项并不是颁发给我个人的，而是给我的事业的。这项终生事业，长期与苦闷与辛劳相伴随，从事这项工作也并不是为了任何荣耀或财富，而是为了创造出前所未有的人类的精神财富。人们不难发现为了得到与之相称的目的和意义的金钱而从事这项工作的其他人，但是我乐于在欢呼声中做这样的事，通过这次盛会被无数毅然投身于相同痛苦与辛勤劳动的年轻男女倾听，而他们之中的某个人可能在将来的某一天也会站在我今天所在的位置。
我们今天的悲剧是早已被人们长期忍受的身体畏惧，并没有精神方面的难题。现在只存在一个问题：何时我将会被激怒？正因为如此，当前年轻人的写作都忘却了人类心灵自我斗争的问题，而这恰恰是能写出好作品的关键因素，因为只有人类心灵自我斗争的问题是唯一值得被大书特书并值得人们付出痛苦与辛勤努力的事。人们必须重新研究这些问题，必须告诫自己对待一切事物的卑鄙态度则是畏惧；并且，教导自己在自己的工作室里容不下其他的东西，除了古老的真理、公认的公理以及人内心的真实感受，这些包括爱情、荣誉、怜悯、尊严、同情和牺牲，缺乏了它们任何作品都是短暂的和注定失败的，而在人们领悟到这些之前，都会像是被诅咒般的辛劳。人们书写的是欲望而非爱情；他们书写失败，而这种失败是没有任何人损失任何价值的；他们所书写的成功，是没有希望，甚至没有遗憾或怜悯。他们的悲伤并不是刻骨铭心的，而是轻描淡写。他们所书写的是并非心灵而是器官。直到他们重新了解这些，他们才以俯瞰一切人和事的态度来写作。我拒绝接受世界末日的观点。我们能够说，人类是不朽的仅仅因为他们将会容忍这种情况，在此种情形下，末日审判改变，并从最后的泛着红光的夜晚里的最后一块礁石上褪去时，仍会有一个微不足道但不知疲倦的声音存在，我拒绝接受这个观点。我认为人类将不会仅仅只是忍受，他们将会占绝对的优势，他们是不朽的，并不是因为他们在众多生物中是唯一拥有不倦声音的群体，而是因为他们有灵魂，而这种灵魂有着同情、牺牲和容忍的精神。
作为诗人、作家的职责就是书写这类事情，他们有权去帮助人们，通过提升他们的心灵，提醒他们勇气、荣耀、希望、骄傲、怜悯、遗憾与牺牲，而这也将成为他们的荣光。诗人的诗歌不仅仅对人类的简单记录，它可以成为帮助人类容忍和获胜的精神支柱。
YourMajesty,YourRoyalHighness,LadiesandGentlemen:
I’mnowstandinghereinthisfamoushall,asasonofafarmerfromGaomiNortheastCountrysideinfar-awayChina,andreceivingtheNobelPrizeinLiterature,allthisisfeltlikeafairytale,butitisabsolutelytrue.Theexperienceaftergettingtheprizeformonths,makesmerealizethehugeeffectsanduntouchabledignityoftheNobelPrize.Duringthisperiod,Ihavebeenalwayssittingonthesidelines,watchingallthathappens,sinceit’sachancetoknowmoreabouttheworldandalsomyself.
I’mwellawarethattherearesomanywritersmoreworthyofthePrizethanme,andIbelievethatiftheycarryonwriting,insisttheliteratureisthegloryofmenandalsotherightgivenbytheGod,”Shewillgiveyouagarlandtograceyourheadandpresentyouwithagloriouscrown.”(Proverbs4∶9)
I’malsowellawarethattheliteraturehaslittleeffectonsolvingtheproblemsofpolitiesandeconomies,butitsemphasisonhumanbeingsaslongasthetime.Weoftencan’trealizeitsimportancewhenwehaveit,butifsomedaywedidn’t,thelivesofmenwouldbecoarseandrude.Forallthereasonsabove,Ifeelproudandheavyatthesametime.
IwanttoexpretheadmirationtothemembersoftheSwedishAcademybythischance,andIbelieve,nothingcanmoveallofyouexcepttheliterature.Ialsoexpreadmirationtothewholeworldtranslators,fortheconceptofworldliteraturewillnotexistwithoutyourhardwork,whichistheconnectionofpeoplefromdifferentareas.Ofcourse,atthisspecialmoment,Istillremindmyselfofthesupportfrommyfamiliesandfriends,fortheirwisdomandfriendshipwillstillshineinmyworks.
Lastbutnottheleast,Ifeelgratefultomyfolksinmyhometown,GaomiofShandong,China.Iwas,am,andwillbeoneofyoursforever;Istillthanktothewonderfullandraisingmeup——Iamastoryteller,whogrowupinthisland,andallmyworkistorepayhergoodness.
诺贝尔奖得主获奖感言
诺贝尔奖得主获奖感言
发布人：山地发布日期：2017-10-1215:14:41阅读次数：378
诺贝尔奖得主获奖感言
作者：佚名文章来源：中国新闻网
新华网斯德哥尔摩１０月２日电由于发现ＲＮＡ（核糖核酸）干扰机制，美国科学家克雷格·梅洛和安德鲁·法尔２日被授予２００６年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，并分享１０００万瑞典克朗（约合１４０万美元）的奖金。
梅洛是在美国家中接到诺贝尔奖评审委员会电话的，当时是当地时间４时４０分左右。梅洛对媒体表示他感到“非常惊讶”，“到现在还没回过神来”。他说：“我有预感可能得奖，但我才４５岁啊，原本以为１０年或２０年后才会得奖呢。”梅洛说,他的部分奖金将用于慈善事业。
法尔在接受媒体采访时则说，获奖的感觉真是非常美妙，“一开始，我都不敢相信，它也许是个梦，或者有人搞错了，但又想这不可能。能获奖真是太棒了１他说：“我还是以前的我，我的人生追求仍很简单，那就是研究、科学、教学和家庭。我不想有什么改变。”（完）
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新华网华盛顿10月15日电（记者刘洪）15日凌晨接到外界打来的通知或祝贺电话时，3名获得今年诺贝尔经济学奖的美国经济学家反应几乎一致：对获奖先是感到“困惑”，继而则是无比兴奋和“光荣”。
芝加哥大学教授罗杰·迈尔森在当天的记者会上说，当被电话通知获得诺贝尔经济学奖时，他一开始有点“困惑”，但随后醒悟过来，对能加入到这一获奖名单感到非常“光荣”。
明尼苏达大学经济学荣誉教授莱昂尼德·赫维奇是一位犹太人，今年已经90岁。他在获奖后表示，从未想过有一天能获此奖，“我总以为我的时代可能已经过去”。他对外界能够承认他的工作感到非常高兴，“一些经济学领域最聪明的年轻人也加入进来，这非常棒”。
普林斯顿高等研究院教授埃里克·马斯金则表示，当他最初听到赫维奇获奖时，大舒了一口气，因为他认为赫维奇多年来就一直是经济学奖候选对象。而让他随后更加兴奋的是，今年他自己和老朋友赫维奇、迈尔森3人共享了经济学奖。
瑞典皇家科学院将今年的经济学奖颁发给这3名美国经济学家，主要是表彰他们在创建和发展“机制设计理论”方面所作的贡献。“机制设计理论”最早由赫维奇提出，马斯金和迈尔森则进一步发展了这一理论。这一理论有助于经济学家、各国政府和企业识别在何种情况下市场机制有效，何种情况下市场机制无效，以帮助人们确定有效的交易机制、规章安排和表决程序。
对于3人共享的1000万瑞典克朗（1美元约合6．4瑞典克朗）奖金，赫维奇表示还未曾想过怎么处理；马斯金则表示，将把奖金捐献给帮助残疾人的Ｃａｍｐｈｉｌｌ基金会，这也是他和妻子认为“如果中奖后的做法”。马斯金的儿子是一位残疾人。
自1969年增设诺贝尔经济学奖以来，共有61名经济学家获奖，而迈尔森的获奖也使芝加哥大学获此殊荣的经济学家增至24名，该大学毫无疑问成为诺贝尔经济学奖的最大赢家。
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瑞典皇家科学院10日宣布，德国科学家格哈德·埃特尔获得2016年诺贝尔化学奖。当天恰逢71岁生日的埃特尔说，这是一份“最好的生日礼物”。
2016年10月10日德国科学家获2016年诺贝尔化学奖10月10日，瑞典皇家科学院在斯德哥尔摩宣布，将2016年诺贝尔化学奖授予在表面化学研究领域作出开拓性贡献的德国科学家格哈德·埃特尔。新华社发（朱莲谊摄）
2016年10月10日德国科学家获2016年诺贝尔化学奖10月10日，瑞典皇家科学院在斯德哥尔摩宣布，将2016年诺贝尔化学奖授予在表面化学研究领域作出开拓性贡献的德国科学家格哈德·埃特尔。新华社发（朱莲谊摄）
埃特尔对媒体描述自己的获奖感觉时说，这是最好的生日礼物，“我（的喜悦之情）难以言表”。
这份生日大礼让埃特尔感到很意外。他说：“我当然知道我是候选人。但物理奖颁给了一名德国人，所以我以为化学奖不会发给我了。”
埃特尔因在表面化学研究领域作出开拓性贡献而获得今年的诺贝尔化学奖，此前，他的同胞彼得·格林贝格尔刚刚与一名法国科学家分享今年的诺贝尔物理学奖。
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瑞典皇家科学院9日宣布，法国科学家阿尔贝·费尔和德国科学家彼得·格林贝格尔因发现“巨磁电阻”效应共同获得2016年诺贝尔物理学奖。两位科学家在得知获奖后分别对媒体发表了简短的获奖感言。
阿尔贝·费尔在接受电话采访时说：“我受宠若惊，非常感动，我为能够与彼得·格林贝格尔共享这一奖项而兴奋不已。我们刚刚交谈过。我们总是很好地交换我们的研究结果。”
两位科学家的发现使得小型大容量硬盘得到广泛应用。费尔说，“能够看到我们的发
现所产生的威力实在是太棒了１
彼得·格林贝格尔在接受瑞典电台采访时说：“有人告诉我，如果有从斯德哥尔摩来的电话，那只能是诺贝尔奖（通知）。”他说，“正有一大群人站在我门外”，他打算跟他们“来一杯香槟
5
记者：你现在感觉怎样？
切哈诺沃：我似乎还无法消化这个来得突然的奖项，好像要被它淹没了一样，一时还找不到合适的语言来表达自己的心情。
记者：你预料到今年获此殊荣的将是自己吗？
切哈诺沃：不，完全没有。当时我正要出门，是我儿子接的电话。我想，即使自己会获奖的话，也应该是医学或生理学的奖项，完全没料到会是化学奖。
记者：得知自己获奖后，你的第一反应是什么？
切哈诺沃：那种感觉当然是美妙的。诺贝尔奖是全世界科学家们梦寐以求的事业巅峰。我并不否认我为自己、我的家人和我的科学事业感到骄傲。
记者：获得诺贝尔奖会给你今后的事业带来什么样的影响？
切哈诺沃：我真诚地希望这件事对我将来的科研毫无影响。我热爱我的实验室、我的学生和我的科学事业。目前我正进行着一项激动人心的研究，还将取得更多的新发现。
记者：你认为你现在的学生中有可能产生诺贝尔奖获得者吗？
切哈诺沃：这个很难预料。我的学生都很优秀。
记者：你对有志于科研的青年们有什么建议呢？
切哈诺沃：我不知道人们能从我们的经验中学到多少东西。我们的国家(以色列)进
行科研的方式与美国乃至现在的欧洲很不一样。以色列频繁地处于动乱中，科研经费极其有限，政府也并不把科研放在国家战略的首要位置。因此，在选择课题方面，我们不必去随大流，跟着所有人一起去搞蛋白质合成、DNA或者研究基因组，而是更应该从本质上去发现真正值得研究的课题。对以色列人来说，不随大流才是取得竞争力的关键。而一旦选定方向后就应该相信自己的选择。
记者：你现在感觉怎么样？
赫什科：我为我的家庭、我的研究所和我的祖国感到高兴。
记者：获得诺贝尔奖是你预料之中的事吗？
赫什科：不。那天刚好放假，我和4个孙女野餐。
记者：获得诺贝尔奖会给你今后的事业带来什么样的影响？
赫什科：我将继续我的实验室工作。但或多或少地总会受一些影响。我将不可避免地接受到更多的邀请。但即便如此，我相信自己仍能做出一些贡献。
记者：20年前当你做这项工作的时候有没有意识到它会使你获得诺贝尔奖？
赫什科：我知道这项工作的影响力是巨大的。但我从来没有等待荣誉的降临。要知道20年前全世界每年只有10多篇关于蛋白质降解的论文，而现在这个数字已经上升到了四位数。
记者：你对那些有志于摘取诺贝尔奖的青年们有什么建议？
赫什科：应该说是对那些有志做科研的人们，而不是为了摘取诺贝尔奖的人们。我希望他们能够用独特的新奇的眼光发掘真正重要的问题，尽管这些问题并不一定是该学科当前的热点。然后就需要坚持不懈地努力。
诺贝尔奖获奖感言——英文
THEPRESIDENT:YourMajesties,YourRoyalHighnesses,distinguishedmembersoftheNorwegianNobelCommittee,citizensofAmerica,andcitizensoftheworld:Ireceivethishonorwithdeepgratitudeandgreathumility.Itisanawardthatspeakstoourhighestaspirations--thatforallthecrueltyandhardshipofourworld,wearenotmereprisonersoffate.Ouractionsmatter,andcanbendhistoryinthedirectionofjustice.
AndyetIwouldberemiifIdidnotacknowledgetheconsiderablecontroversythatyourgenerousdecisionhasgenerated.(Laughter.)Inpart,thisisbecauseIamatthebeginning,andnottheend, http://www.oh100.com paredtosomeofthegiantsofhistorywhovereceivedthisprize--SchweitzerandKing;MarshallandMandela--myaccomplishmentsareslight.Andthentherearethemenandwomenaroundtheworldwhohavebeenjailedandbeateninthepursuitofjustice;thosewhotoilinhumanitarianorganizationstorelievesuffering;theunrecognizedmillionswhosequietactsofcourageandcompassioninspireeventhemosthardenedcynics.Icannotarguewiththosewhofindthesemenandwomen--someknown,someobscuretoallbutthosetheyhelp--tobefarmoredeservingofthishonorthanI.
ButperhapsthemostprofoundissuesurroundingmyreceiptofthisprizeisthefactthatIamtheCommander-in-Chiefofthemilitaryofanationinthemidstoftwowars.Oneofthesewarsiswindingdown.TheotherisaconflictthatAmericadidnotseek;oneinwhichwearejoinedby42othercountries--includingNorway--inanefforttodefendourselvesandallnationsfromfurtherattacks.
Still,weareatwar,andImresponsibleforthedeploymentofthousandsofyoungAmericanstobattleinadistantland.Somewillkill,andsomewillbekilled.AndsoIcomeherewithanacutesenseofthecostsofarmedconflict--filledwithdifficultquestionsabouttherelationshipbetweenwarandpeace,andourefforttoreplaceonewiththeother.
Nowthesequestionsarenotnew.War,inoneformoranother,appearedwiththefirstman.Atthedawnofhistory,itsmoralitywasnotquestioned;itwassimplyafact,likedroughtordisease--themannerinwhichtribesandthencivilizationssoughtpowerandsettledtheirdifferences.
Andovertime,ascodesoflawsoughttocontrolviolencewithingroups,sodid
philosophersandclericsandstatesmenseektoregulatethedestructivepowerofwar.Theconceptofa“justwar”emerged,suggestingthatwarisjustifiedonlywhencertainconditionsweremet:ifitiswagedasalastresortorinself-defense;iftheforceusedisproportional;andif,wheneverpossible,civiliansaresparedfromviolence.
Ofcourse,weknowthatformostofhistory,thisconceptof“justwar”wasrarelyobserved.Thecapacityofhumanbeingstothinkupnewwaystokilloneanotherprovedinexhaustible,asdidourcapacitytoexemptfrommercythosewholookdifferentorpraytoadifferentGod.Warsbetweenarmiesgavewaytowarsbetween1
http://www.oh100.com hespanof30years,suchcarnagewouldtwiceengulfthiscontinent.AndwhileitshardtoconceiveofacausemorejustthanthedefeatoftheThirdReichandtheAxispowers,WorldWarIIwasaconflictinwhichthetotalnumberofcivilianswhodiedexceededthenumberofsoldierswhoperished.
Inthewakeofsuchdestruction,andwiththeadventofthenuclearage,itbecamecleartovictorandvanquishedalikethattheworldneededinstitutionstopreventanotherworldwar.Andso,aquartercenturyaftertheUnitedStatesSenaterejectedtheLeagueofNations--anideaforwhichWoodrowWilsonreceivedthisprize--Americaledtheworldinconstructinganarchitecturetokeepthepeace:aMarshallPlanandaUnitedNations,mechanismstogovernthewagingofwar,treatiestoprotecthumanrights,preventgenocide,restrictthemostdangerousweapons.
Inmanyways,theseeffortssucceeded.Yes,terriblewarshavebeenfought, http://www.oh100.com mercehasstitchedmuchoftheworldtogether.Billionshavebeenliftedfrompoverty.Theidealsoflibertyand
self-determination,equalityandtheruleoflawhavehaltinglyadvanced.Wearetheheirsofthefortitudeandforesightofgenerationspast,anditisalegacyforwhichmyowncountryisrightfullyproud.
Andyet,adecadeintoanewcentury,thisoldarchitectureisbucklingundertheweightofnewthreats.Theworldmaynolongershudderattheprospectofwarbetweentwonuclearsuperpowers,butproliferationmayincreasetheriskof
catastrophe.Terrorismhaslongbeenatactic,butmoderntechnologyallowsafewsmallmenwithoutsizedragetomurderinnocentsonahorrificscale.
Moreover,warsbetweennationshaveincreasinglygivenwaytowarswithinnations.Theresurgenceofethnicorsectarianconflicts;thegrowthofsecessionistmovements,insurgencies, http://www.oh100.com odayswars,manymoreciviliansarekilledthansoldiers;theseedsoffutureconflictaresown,economiesarewrecked,civilsocietiestornasunder,refugeesamassed,childrenscarred.
Idonotbringwithmetodayadefinitivesolutiontotheproblemsofwar.WhatIdoknowisthatmeetingthesechallengeswillrequirethesamevision,hardwork,andpersistenceofthosemenandwomenwhoactedsoboldlydecadesago.Anditwillrequireustothinkinnewwaysaboutthenotionsofjustwarandtheimperativesofajustpeace.
Wemustbeginbyacknowledgingthehardtruth:Wewillnoteradicateviolent
conflictinourlifetimes.Therewillbetimeswhennations--actingindividuallyorinconcert--willfindtheuseofforcenotonlynecessarybutmorallyjustified.
ImakethisstatementmindfulofwhatMartinLutherKingJr.saidinthissame2
ceremonyyearsago:“Violenceneverbringspermanentpeace.Itsolvesnosocialproblem:itmerelycreatesnewandmorecomplicatedones.”AssomeonewhostandshereasadirectconsequenceofDr.Kingslifework,Iamlivingtestimonytothemoralforceofnon-violence.Iknowtheresnothingweak--nothingpassive--nothingna?ve--inthecreedandlivesofGandhiandKing.
Butasaheadofstatesworntoprotectanddefendmynation,Icannotbeguidedbytheirexamplesalone.Ifacetheworldasitis,andcannotstandidleinthefaceofthreatstotheAmericanpeople.Formakenomistake:Evildoesexistintheworld.Anon-violentmovementcouldnothavehaltedHitlersarmies.NegotiationscannotconvincealQaedasleaderstolaydowntheirarms.Tosaythatforcemaysometimesbenecessaryisnotacalltocynicism--itisarecognitionofhistory;theimperfectionsofmanandthelimitsofreason.
Iraisethispoint,Ibeginwiththispointbecauseinmanycountriesthereisadeepambivalenceaboutmilitaryactiontoday,nomatterwhatthecause.Andattimes,thisisjoinedbyareflexivesuspicionofAmerica,theworldssolemilitarysuperpower.
Buttheworldmustrememberthatitwasnotsimplyinternationalinstitutions--notjusttreatiesanddeclarations--thatbroughtstabilitytoapost-WorldWarIIworld.Whatevermistakeswehavemade,theplainfactisthis:TheUnitedStatesofAmericahashelpedunderwriteglobalsecurityformorethansixdecadeswiththebloodofourcitizensandthestrengthofourarms.TheserviceandsacrificeofourmenandwomeninuniformhaspromotedpeaceandprosperityfromGermanytoKorea,andenableddemocracytotakeholdinplacesliketheBalkans.Wehavebornethisburdennotbecauseweseektoimposeourwill.Wehavedonesooutofenlightenedself-interest--becauseweseekabetterfutureforourchildrenandgrandchildren,andwebelievethattheirliveswillbebetterifotherschildrenandgrandchildrencanliveinfreedomandprosperity.
Soyes,theinstrumentsofwardohavearoletoplayinpreservingthepeace.Andyetthistruthmustcoexistwithanother--thatnomatterhowjustified,warpromiseshumantragedy.Thesoldierscourageandsacrificeisfullofglory,expressing
devotiontocountry,tocause,tocomradesinarms.Butwaritselfisneverglorious,andwemustnevertrumpetitassuch.
Sopartofourchallengeisreconcilingthesetwoseeminglyinreconcilabletruths--thatwarissometimesnecessary, http://www.oh100.com ncretely,wemustdirectourefforttothetaskthatPresidentKennedycalledforlongago.“Letusfocus,”hesaid,“onamorepractical,moreattainablepeace,basednotonasuddenrevolutioninhumannaturebutonagradualevolutioninhumaninstitutions.”Agradualevolutionofhumaninstitutions.
Whatmightthisevolutionlooklike?Whatmightthesepracticalstepsbe?3
Tobeginwith,Ibelievethatallnations--strongandweakalike--mustadheretostandardsthatgoverntheuseofforce.I--likeanyheadofstate--reservetherighttoactunilaterallyifnecessarytodefendmynation.Nevertheless,Iamconvincedthatadheringtostandards,internationalstandards,strengthensthosewhodo,andisolatesandweakensthosewhodont.
TheworldralliedaroundAmericaafterthe9/11attacks,andcontinuestosupportoureffortsinAfghanistan,becauseofthehorrorofthosesenseleattacksandtherecognizedprincipleofself-defense.Likewise,theworldrecognizedtheneedtoconfrontSaddamHusseinwhenheinvadedKuwait--aconsensusthatsentaclearmessagetoallaboutthecostofaggression.
Furthermore,America--infact,nonation--caninsistthatothersfollowtherulesoftheroadifwerefusetofollowthemourselves.Forwhenwedont,ouractionsappeararbitraryandundercutthelegitimacyoffutureinterventions,nomatterhowjustified.Andthisbecomesparticularlyimportantwhenthepurposeofmilitaryaction
extendsbeyondself-defenseorthedefenseofonenationagainstanaggressor.Moreandmore,weallconfrontdifficultquestionsabouthowtopreventtheslaughterofciviliansbytheirowngovernment,ortostopacivilwarwhoseviolenceandsufferingcanengulfanentireregion.
Ibelievethatforcecanbejustifiedonhumanitariangrounds,asitwasintheBalkans,orinotherplacesthathavebeenscarredbywar.Inactiontearsatourconscienceandcanleadtomorecostlyinterventionlater.Thatswhyallresponsiblenationsmustembracetherolethatmilitarieswithaclearmandatecanplaytokeepthepeace.Americascommitmenttoglobalsecuritywillneverwaver.Butinaworldinwhichthreatsaremorediffuse,andmissionsmorecomplex,Americacannotactalone.Americaalonecannotsecurethepeace.ThisistrueinAfghanistan.ThisistrueinfailedstateslikeSomalia,whereterrorismandpiracyisjoinedbyfamineandhumansuffering.Andsadly,itwillcontinuetobetrueinunstableregionsforyearstocome.
TheleadersandsoldiersofNATOcountries,andotherfriendsandallies,demonstratethistruththroughthecapacityandcouragetheyveshowninAfghanistan.Butinmanycountries,thereisadisconnectbetweentheeffortsofthosewhoserveandtheambivalenceofthebroaderpublic.Iunderstandwhywarisnotpopular,butIalsoknowthis:Thebeliefthatpeaceisdesirableisrarelyenoughtoachieveit.Peacerequiresresponsibility.Peaceentailssacrifice.ThatswhyNATOcontinuestobeindispensable.ThatswhywemuststrengthenU.N.andregionalpeacekeeping,andnotleavethetasktoafewcountries.ThatswhywehonorthosewhoreturnhomefrompeacekeepingandtrainingabroadtoOsloandRome;toOttawaandSydney;toDhakaandKigali--wehonorthemnotasmakersofwar,butofwagers--butaswagersofpeace.
Letmemakeonefinalpointabouttheuseofforce.Evenaswemakedifficult4
decisionsaboutgoingtowar,wemustalsothinkclearlyabouthowwefightit.TheNobelCommitteerecognizedthistruthinawardingitsfirstprizeforpeacetoHenryDunant--thefounderoftheRedCross,andadrivingforcebehindtheGenevaConventions.
Whereforceisnecessary,wehaveamoralandstrategicinterestinbindingourselvestocertainrulesofconduct.Andevenasweconfrontaviciousadversarythatabidesbynorules,IbelievetheUnitedStatesofAmericamustremainastandardbearerintheconductofwar.Thatiswhatmakesusdifferentfromthosewhomwefight.Thatisasourceofourstrength.ThatiswhyIprohibitedtorture.ThatiswhyIorderedtheprisonatGuantanamoBayclosed.AndthatiswhyIhavereaffirmedAmericascommitmenttoabidebytheGenevaConventions.Weloseourselveswhenwe
compromisetheveryidealsthatwefighttodefend.(Applause.)Andwehonor--wehonorthoseidealsbyupholdingthemnotwhenitseasy,butwhenitishard.
Ihavespokenatsomelengthtothequestionthatmustweighonourmindsandourheartsaswechoosetowagewar.Butletmenowturntoourefforttoavoidsuchtragicchoices,andspeakofthreewaysthatwecanbuildajustandlastingpeace.
First,indealingwiththosenationsthatbreakrulesandlaws,Ibelievethatwemustdevelopalternativestoviolencethataretoughenoughtoactuallychangebehavior--forifwewantalastingpeace,thenthewordsoftheinternationalcommunitymustmeansomething.Thoseregimesthatbreaktherulesmustbeheldaccountable.
http://www.oh100.com ransigencemustbemetwithincreasedpressure--andsuchpressureexistsonlywhentheworldstandstogetherasone.
Oneurgentexampleistheefforttopreventthespreadofnuclearweapons, http://www.oh100.com hemiddleofthelastcentury,nationsagreedtobeboundbyatreatywhosebargainisclear:Allwillhaveaccetopeacefulnuclearpower;thosewithoutnuclearweaponswillforsakethem;andthosewithnuclearweaponswillworktowardsdisarmament.Iamcommittedtoupholdingthistreaty.Itisa
centerpieceofmyforeignpolicy.AndImworkingwithPresidentMedvedevtoreduceAmericaandRussiasnuclearstockpiles.
ButitisalsoincumbentuponallofustoinsistthatnationslikeIranandNorthKoreadonotgamethesystem.Thosewhoclaimtorespectinternationallawcannotaverttheireyeswhenthoselawsareflouted.ThosewhocarefortheirownsecuritycannotignorethedangerofanarmsraceintheMiddleEastorEastAsia.Thosewhoseekpeacecannotstandidlybyasnationsarmthemselvesfornuclearwar.
Thesameprincipleappliestothosewhoviolateinternationallawsbybrutalizingtheirownpeople.WhenthereisgenocideinDarfur,systematicrapeinCongo,repressioninBurma--theremustbeconsequences.Yes,therewillbeengagement;yes,therewillbediplomacy--buttheremustbeconsequenceswhenthosethingsfail.Andthecloserwestandtogether,thelelikelywewillbefacedwiththechoicebetweenarmedinterventionandcomplicityinoppression.
Thisbringsmetoasecondpoint--thenatureofthepeacethatweseek.Forpeaceisnotmerelytheabsenceofvisibleconflict.Onlyajustpeacebasedontheinherentrightsanddignityofeveryindividualcantrulybelasting.
http://www.oh100.com hewakeofdevastation,theyrecognizedthatifhumanrightsarenotprotected,peaceisahollowpromise.
Andyettoooften,thesewordsareignored.Forsomecountries,thefailuretoupholdhumanrightsisexcusedbythefalsesuggestionthatthesearesomehowWesternprinciples,foreigntolocalculturesorstagesofanationsdevelopment.AndwithinAmerica,therehaslongbeenatensionbetweenthosewhodescribethemselvesasrealistsoridealists--atensionthatsuggestsastarkchoicebetweenthenarrowpursuitofinterestsoranendlecampaigntoimposeourvaluesaroundtheworld.
Irejectthesechoices.Ibelievethatpeaceisunstablewherecitizensaredeniedtherighttospeakfreelyorworshipastheyplease;choosetheirownleadersorassemblewithoutfear.Pent-upgrievancesfester,andthesuppressionoftribalandreligiousidentitycanleadtoviolence.Wealsoknowthattheoppositeistrue.OnlywhenEuropebecamefreediditfinallyfindpeace.Americahasneverfoughtawaragainstademocracy,andourclosestfriendsaregovernmentsthatprotecttherightsoftheircitizens.Nomatterhowcallouslydefined,neitherAmericasinterests--northeworlds--areservedbythedenialofhumanaspirations.
Soevenaswerespecttheuniquecultureandtraditionsofdifferentcountries,Americawillalwaysbeavoiceforthoseaspirationsthatareuniversal.WewillbearwitnetothequietdignityofreformerslikeAungSangSuuKyi;tothebraveryof
Zimbabweanswhocasttheirballotsinthefaceofbeatings;tothehundredsof
thousandswhohavemarchedsilentlythroughthestreetsofIran.Itistellingthattheleadersofthesegovernmentsfeartheaspirationsoftheirownpeoplemorethanthepowerofanyothernation.Anditistheresponsibilityofallfreepeopleandfree
nationstomakeclearthatthesemovements--thesemovementsofhopeandhistory--theyhaveusontheirside.
Letmealsosaythis:Thepromotionofhumanrightscannotbeaboutexhortationalone.Attimes,itmustbecoupledwithpainstakingdiplomacy.Iknowthat
engagementwithrepressiveregimeslacksthesatisfyingpurityofindignation.ButIalsoknowthatsanctionswithoutoutreach--condemnationwithoutdiscussion--cancarryforwardonlyacripplingstatusquo.Norepressiveregimecanmovedownanewpathunleithasthechoiceofanopendoor.
InlightoftheCulturalRevolutionshorrors,NixonsmeetingwithMaoappearedinexcusable--andyetitsurelyhelpedsetChinaonapathwheremillionsofitscitizenshavebeenliftedfrompovertyandconnectedtoopensocieties.PopeJohnPaulsengagementwithPolandcreatedspacenotjustfortheCatholicChurch,butforlaborleaderslikeLechWalesa.RonaldReaganseffortsonarmscontrolandembrace
ofperestroikanotonlyimprovedrelationswiththeSovietUnion,butempowereddissidentsthroughoutEasternEurope.Theresnosimpleformulahere.Butwemusttryasbestwecantobalanceisolationandengagement,pressureandincentives,sothathumanrightsanddignityareadvancedovertime.
Third,ajustpeaceincludesnotonlycivilandpoliticalrights--itmustencompaeconomicsecurityandopportunity.Fortruepeaceisnotjustfreedomfromfear,butfreedomfromwant.
Itisundoubtedlytruethatdevelopmentrarelytakesrootwithoutsecurity;itisalsotruethatsecuritydoesnotexistwherehumanbeingsdonothaveaccetoenoughfood,orcleanwater,orthemedicineandsheltertheyneedtosurvive.Itdoesnotexistwherechildrencantaspiretoadecenteducationorajobthatsupportsafamily.Theabsenceofhopecanrotasocietyfromwithin.
Andthatswhyhelpingfarmersfeedtheirownpeople--ornationseducatetheir
childrenandcareforthesick--isnotmerecharity.Itsalsowhytheworldmustcometogethertoconfrontclimatechange.Thereislittlescientificdisputethatifwedonothing,wewillfacemoredrought,morefamine,moremadisplacement--allofwhichwillfuelmoreconflictfordecades.Forthisreason,itisnotmerelyscientistsandenvironmentalactivistswhocallforswiftandforcefulaction--itsmilitary
leadersinmyowncountryandotherswhounderstandourcommonsecurityhangsinthebalance.
Agreementsamongnations.Stronginstitutions.Supportforhumanrights.
Investmentsindevelopment.AllthesearevitalingredientsinbringingabouttheevolutionthatPresidentKennedyspokeabout.Andyet,Idonotbelievethatwewillhavethewill,thedetermination,thestayingpower,tocompletethisworkwithoutsomethingmore--andthatsthecontinuedexpansionofourmoralimagination;aninsistencethattheressomethingirreduciblethatweallshare.
Astheworldgrowssmaller,youmightthinkitwouldbeeasierforhumanbeingstorecognizehowsimilarweare;tounderstandthatwereallbasicallyseekingthesamethings;thatweallhopeforthechancetoliveoutourliveswithsomemeasureofhappineandfulfillmentforourselvesandourfamilies.
Andyetsomehow,giventhedizzyingpaceofglobalization,theculturallevelingofmodernity,itperhapscomesasnosurprisethatpeoplefeartheloofwhattheycherishintheirparticularidentities--theirrace,theirtribe,andperhapsmost
powerfullytheirreligion.Insomeplaces,thisfearhasledtoconflict.Attimes,itevenfeelslikeweremovingbackwards.WeseeitintheMiddleEast,astheconflictbetweenArabsandJewsseemstoharden.Weseeitinnationsthataretornasunderbytriballines.
Andmostdangerously,weseeitinthewaythatreligionisusedtojustifythemurder
ofinnocentsbythosewhohavedistortedanddefiledthegreatreligionofIslam,andwhoattackedmycountryfromAfghanistan.TheseextremistsarenotthefirsttokillinthenameofGod;thecrueltiesoftheCrusadesareamplyrecorded.ButtheyremindusthatnoHolyWarcaneverbeajustwar.Forifyoutrulybelievethatyouarecarryingoutdivinewill,thenthereisnoneedforrestraint--noneedtosparethepregnantmother,orthemedic,ortheRedCroworker,orevenapersonofonesownfaith.Suchawarpedviewofreligionisnotjustincompatiblewiththeconceptofpeace,butIbelieveitsincompatiblewiththeverypurposeoffaith--fortheonerulethatliesattheheartofeverymajorreligionisthatwedountoothersaswewouldhavethemdountous.
Adheringtothislawoflovehasalwaysbeenthecorestruggleofhumannature.Forwearefallible.Wemakemistakes,andfallvictimtothetemptationsofpride,andpower,andsometimesevil.Eventhoseofuswiththebestofintentionswillattimesfailtorightthewrongsbeforeus.
Butwedonothavetothinkthathumannatureisperfectforustostillbelievethatthehumanconditioncanbeperfected.Wedonothavetoliveinanidealizedworldtostillreachforthoseidealsthatwillmakeitabetterplace.Thenon-violencepracticedbymenlikeGandhiandKingmaynothavebeenpracticalorpossibleinevery
circumstance,butthelovethattheypreached--theirfundamentalfaithinhumanprogre--thatmustalwaysbetheNorthStarthatguidesusonourjourney.
Forifwelosethatfaith--ifwedismiitassillyorna?ve;ifwedivorceitfromthedecisionsthatwemakeonissuesofwarandpeace--thenwelosewhatsbestabouthumanity.Weloseoursenseofpossibility.Weloseourmoralcompass.
Likegenerationshavebeforeus,wemustrejectthatfuture.AsDr.Kingsaidatthisoccasionsomanyyearsago,“Irefusetoacceptdespairasthefinalresponsetotheambiguitiesofhistory.Irefusetoaccepttheideathattheisneofmanspresentconditionmakeshimmorallyincapableofreachingupfortheeternaloughtnethatforeverconfrontshim.”
Letusreachfortheworldthatoughttobe--thatsparkofthedivinethatstillstirswithineachofoursouls.(Applause.)
Somewheretoday,inthehereandnow,intheworldasitis,asoldierseeshesoutgunned,butstandsfirmtokeepthepeace.Somewheretoday,inthisworld,ayoungprotestorawaitsthebrutalityofhergovernment,buthasthecouragetomarchon.Somewheretoday,amotherfacingpunishingpovertystilltakesthetimetoteachherchild,scrapestogetherwhatfewcoinsshehastosendthatchildtoschool--becauseshebelievesthatacruelworldstillhasaplaceforthatchildsdreams.
Letuslivebytheirexample.Wecanacknowledgethatoppressionwillalwaysbewithus,andstillstriveforjustice.Wecanadmittheintractabilityofdepravation,andstillstrivefordignity.Clear-eyed,wecanunderstandthattherewillbewar,andstill
striveforpeace.Wecandothat--forthatisthestoryofhumanprogress;thatsthehopeofalltheworld;andatthismomentofchallenge,thatmustbeourworkhereonEarth.
Thankyouverymuch.