句子成分及练习题

句子成分及练习题 | 楼主 | 2017-07-17 17:08:49 共有3个回复
  1. 1句子成分及练习题
  2. 2初中英语划分句子成分练习题及答案
  3. 3英语句子成分练习题及定语从句

句子成分及练习题更新时间浏览次数,注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家,此结构后跟名词表示存在有某事物,代词或名词所有格作定语他的男孩需要的钢笔,教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。

句子成分及练习题2017-07-17 17:08:13 | #1楼回目录

句子成分及练习题更新时间:2017-10-13浏览次数:1211

一、英语语句基本结构分析:

>>主谓宾结构:

主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!

谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:Wecome.

宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等

例:Theboyneedsapen.主语theboy,谓语needs(need的第三人称单数形式),宾语apen.

>>主系表结构:

主语:同‘主谓宾’结构。

联系动词(Linkverb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,havebeen);其他联系动词如:become成为,turn变成,go变。其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词或副词,既,不可能是宾语。

表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。当联系动词不是be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别。

感官动词多可用作联系动词:lookwell/面色好,soundnice/听起来不错,feelgood/感觉好,smellbad/难闻例:Tomisaboy.(Tom是个男孩)/主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为aboy

>>Therebe结构:

Therebe表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。

此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’

试比较:Thereisaboythere.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。

二、定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘…的’表示。返回

定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或

不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。

形容词作定语:

Thelittleboyneedsabluepen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。Tomisahandsomeboy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。Thereisagoodboy./有个乖男孩。

数词作定语相当于形容词:Twoboysneedtwopens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。

Thetwoboysarestudents./这两个男孩是学生。Therearetwoboysintheroom./房间里有两个男孩。代词或名词所有格作定语:HisboyneedsTom'spen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。

HisnameisTom./他的名字是汤姆。TherearetwoboysofTomsthere./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。介词短语作定语:

Theboyintheclassroomneedsapenofyours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。

TheboyinblueisTom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。

Therearetwoboysof9,andthreeof10./有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。

名词作定语:

Theboyneedsaballpen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。Itisaballpen./这是一支圆珠笔。

Thereisonlyoneballpeninthepencilbox./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。

副词作定语:

Theboythereneedsapen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。ThebestboyhereisTom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。不定式作定语:

Theboytowritethisletterneedsapen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。

TheboytowritethisletterisTom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。

Thereisnothingtodotoday./今天无事要做。

分词(短语)作定语:

Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。

ThepenboughtbyherismadeinChina./她买的笔是中国产的。

Therearefiveboysleft./有五个留下的男孩。

定语从句:Theboywhoisreadingneedsthepenwhichyouboughtyesterday.TheboyyouwillknowisTom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。

Therearefiveboyswhowillplaythegame./参加游戏的男孩有五个。

三、状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。返回

状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。

有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:Theboycallsthegirlintheclassroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘(此时intheclassroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此时intheclassroom为地点状语),最好写作‘Intheclassroom,theboycallsthegirl.'

副词(短语)作状语:

Theboyneedsapenverymuch./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)

Theboyneedsverymuchthepenboughtbyhismother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。(宾语较长则状语前置)

Theboyreallyneedsapen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)

Theboyneedsapennow./Now,theboyneedsapen./Theboy,now,needsapen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语)

介词短语作状语:Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen./在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语)Beforehismother,Tomisalwaysaboy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)

OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)

分词(短语)作状语:Hesitsthere,askingforapen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态)

Havingtofinishhishomework,theboyneedsapen./因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔。(原因状语)Frightened,hesitstheresoundlessly./(因为)受了惊吓,他无声地坐在那儿。(原因状语)

不定式作状语:

Theboyneedsapentodohishomework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语)

Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness./为实现梦想,汤姆变对商业有兴趣.名词作状语:Comethisway!/走这条路!(方向状语)

状语从句:时间状语从句,地点状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,目的状语从句

比较状语从句,让步状语从句,条件状语从句

四、直接宾语和间接宾语:特殊的同源宾语现象:fightafight,dreamadream,etc.

有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。

一般的顺序为:动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。如:Givemeacupoftea,please.

强调间接宾语顺序为:动词+直接宾语+to+间接宾语。如:ShowthishousetoMr.Smith.

若直接宾语为人称代词:动词+代词直接宾语+to+间接宾语。如:Bringittome,please.

五、宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。返回

名词/代词宾格+名词Thewarmadehimasoldier./战争使他成为一名战士.

名词/代词宾格+形容词Newmethodsmakethejobeasy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.

名词/代词宾格+介词短语Ioftenfindhimatwork./我经常发现他在工作.

名词/代词宾格+动词不定式

Theteacheraskthestudentstoclosethewindows./老师让学生们关上窗户.

名词/代词宾格+分词Isawacatrunningacrotheroad./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.

六、同位语:返回

同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如:

Westudentsshouldstudyhard./(students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’)

Weallarestudents./(all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)

七、独立成分:有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构)。返回感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等。肯定词yes否定词no

称呼语:称呼人的用语。

插入语:一些句中插入的Ithink,Ibelieve,等。

如:Thestory,Ithink,hasnevercometotheend./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.

情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然,等。

八、分词独立结构:分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致!否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。返回

例:错句:Studyinghard,yourscorewillgoup.

正确:(1)Studyinghard,youcanmakeyourscoregoup.或(2)Ifyoustudyhard,yourscorewillgoup.解析:错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语,则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,既yourscore.显然做study的应是人,不应是yourscore(分数).正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致(同为you);正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了).

分词独立结构常省略being,havingbeen.不过‘Therebeing...’的场合不能省略.

如:Game(being)over,hewenthome.

Hestandsthere,book(being)inhand.

独立结构还可用with、without引导,作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词,还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。

如:Withnothingtodo,hefellasleepsoon./无事可做,他很快就睡着了。

Theteachercamein,withglassesonhisnose./老师进来了,戴着一付眼镜。(注意,此句onhisnose不可省略!)句子的成分

(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词(4分,4分钟)

①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.

②Thereisanoldmancominghere.

③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.

④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.

(二)选出句中谓语的中心词(10分,10分钟)

①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.

A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall

②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.

A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer

③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?

http://www.oh100.com uallyC.goD.bus

④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.

A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?

http://www.oh100.com insC.haveD.breakfast

⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.

A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework

⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.

A.wantB.totellC.youD.is

⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.

A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor

⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.

http://www.oh100.com erestedC.inD.music

⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?

A.giveB.didC.whomD.book

(三)挑出下列句中的宾语(10分,10分钟)

①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.

ABCD

②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.

ABCD

③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.

ABCD

④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?

ABCD

⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?

ABCD⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.

ABCD

⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.

ABCD

⑧Goacrothebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.

ABCD

⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.

ABCD

⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.

ABCD

(四)挑出下列句中的表语(5分,5分钟)

①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.

ABCD

②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?

ABCD

③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.

ABCD

④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.

ABCD

⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.

ABCD

(五)挑出下列句中的定语(6分,6分钟)

①TheyuseMr,Mrswiththefamilyname.

ABCD

②Whatisyourgivenname?

ABCD

③OnthethirdlapareCla1andCla3.

ABCD

④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.

ABCD

⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.

ABCD

⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!

ABCD

(六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语(6分,6分钟)

①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthe

ABC

reading-room.

D

②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.

ABCD

③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.

ABCD

④TheycallmeLilysometimes.

ABCD

⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.

ABCD

⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?

ABCD

(七)挑出下列句中的状语(8分,8分钟)

①Therewasabigsmileonherface.

ABCD

②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.

ABCD

③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.

ABCD

④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtofast.

ABCD

⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MiLihurriedoff.

ABCD⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.

ABCD

⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.

ABCD

⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.

ABCD

(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语(5分,5分钟)

①Pleasetellusastory.

②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.

③MrLiisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.

④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.

⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?

答案

(一)①teacher②man③dictionary④Todo

(二)①B②A③C④A⑤C⑥C⑦D⑧C⑨A⑩A

(三)①D②D③B④A⑤B⑥D⑦C⑧D⑨A⑩D

(四)①D②B③D④C⑤B

(五)①C②C③A④B⑤B⑥D

(六)①C②C③C④C⑤D⑥B

(七)①D②A③D④D⑤A⑥D⑦C⑧D

(八)①us,间接宾语astory,直接宾语

②me,间接宾语anewbike,直接宾语③us,间接宾语history,直接宾语④Tom,间接宾语it,直接宾语⑤me,间接宾语message,直接宾语

初中英语划分句子成分练习题及答案2017-07-17 17:07:42 | #2楼回目录

初中英语划分句子成分练习题及答案

1.WealwaysworkhardatEnglish.

2.Hesaidhedidn'tcome.

3.Theyloveeachother.

4.Whatdidyoubye?

5.Shewatchedherdaughterplayingthepiano.

6.yourjobtodayistohelptheold.

7.Speakingdoesn'tmeandoing.

8.ByethetimeIgottothestation,thetrainhadleft.

9.Thechildrenboughttheirparentsacarforthe25thanniversaryoftheirmarriage.

10.Ittakesmeanhourtogetthere.

答案:

1.WealwaysworkhardatEnglish。

——————————————

主语状语谓语状语状语

2.Hesaidhedidn'tcome.

———————————————

主句主语主句谓语从句主语从句谓语

3.Theyloveeachother.

——————————

主谓语宾语

4.Whatdidyoubye?

————————

宾助动词主谓

5.Shewatchedherdaughterplayingthepiano.

—————————————————————

主谓宾宾语补足语

6.yourjobtodayistohelptheold.

——————-——————————

主定语系动词表语

7.Speakingdoesn'tmeandoing.

————————————

主谓宾

8.ByethetimeIgottothestation,thetrainhadleft.

—————————————————————————

时间状语从句主句主语主句谓语

9.Thechildrenboughttheirparentsacarforthe25thanniversaryof

———————————————————————————————主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语状语theirmarriage.

————————

10.Ittakesmeanhourtogetthere.

————————————————

形式主语谓语宾语真正主语

英语句子成分练习题及定语从句2017-07-17 17:06:49 | #3楼回目录

句子成分练习题(一)

(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词

①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.

②Thereisanoldmancominghere.

③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.

④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.

(二)划出出句中谓语

①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.

(三)挑出下列句中的宾语

1.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.2.Jimcannotdrehimself.

3.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.4.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.

5.Hejustwantedtostayathome.6.HepracticesspeakingEnglisheveryday.

(四)挑出下列句中的表语

①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.划出系动词:

1.Hisadviceprovedright.2.Theshopstaysopentill8o’clock.

3.Themachinewentwrong.4.Alltheseeffortsseeminvain.

5.Thesewordssoundreasonable.6.Theroomsoonbecamecrowded.

7.Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.8.Hefellillyesterday.

9.Treesturngreeninspring.10.Whatyousaidsoundsgreat.

(五)挑出下列句中的定语

①TheyuseMr,Mrswiththefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?

③OnthethirdlapareCla1andCla3.⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!

(七)划出下列句中的状语

1.Theyappointedhimmanager.2.Theyfoundthehousedeserted.()

3.Whatmakeshimthinkso?4.Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.()

5.Isawthemgettingonthebus.6.Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.(

7.I’llhavemybikerepaired.8.Don’tkeepthelightsburning.()

(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语

1.Sheorderedherselfanewdress.2.Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.

3.Hebroughtyouadictionary.4.Hedenieshernothing.

5.Ishowedhimmypictures.6.Igavemycarawash.

7.Itoldhimthatthebuswaslate.8.Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.

句子成分练习题(二)

指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分:

1.2.People’sstandardsofliving5.I’llreturnthebook)

9.划出下列句子中的从句并注明是何种从句。

1.Whetherhecomesornotdoesn'tmakeanydifferencetome.

2.Thereisdisagreementamongeconomistsaboutwhatmoneyisandhowmoneyismeasured

3.Chinaisnotwhatitusedtobe.

4.Isthereanyproofthatthefoodofplantdiffersfromthatofanimals?

5.Taxesconsistofmoneythatpeoplepaytosupporttheirgovernment.

6.Whetherwe'llmakealoanfortheprojecthasnotbeendecided.

7.Ithasnotbeendecidedwhetherwe'llmakealoanfortheproject.

8.Itisnecessary(that)hehavehisfurtherstudyincollege.

9.Whatdoyouthinkofhisproposalthatwe(should)putonaplayattheEnglishevening?

10.Pleasepamethebookwhose(ofwhich)colorisgreen.

11.IwillcallyouassoonasIarriveinBeijing.

12.Ididn’trealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.

13.Itwassnowingwhenhearrivedatthestation.

14.Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.

15.Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.

16.ThatiswhereLuXunusedtolive.

一、单句辨别:判断下列简单句的类型

1.Workstartsatten.2.Mr.SmithteachesmybrotherEnglish.3.Weuseelectricityvery`often.

4.Heshowedalltheengineersthedifferencebetweenthetwoengines.

http://www.oh100.com heafternoonwereviewourlessons.

7.Inoureverydaylife;weseethingsmovingaboutonthegroundorintheair.

8.Igothomeafterdarkyesterday.9.Billalwaysdoesverywellatschool.

10.Amyalwayshelpshermotherafterschool.11.Tomoftenmakeshisteacherangry.

12.Helenlooksveryhappytoday.

定语从句练习

1.TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,________isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.

A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which

2.MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,_________,ofcourse,makealltheothersupset.

A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that

3.You’llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation__________youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.

A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as

4.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses_________arebuiltclosetoeachother.

A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that

5.Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,_______theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.

A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which

6.Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,________itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.

A.whenB.whichC.whereD.while

7.Abankistheplace____theylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.

A.whenB.thatC.whereD.there

8.Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents________allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.

A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who

weddingceremony.

A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.before

10.Theschoolshop,________customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfewtheholidays.

A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.where

11.Thedaysaregone________physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.

A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which

12.Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,________weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.

A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that

13.JuliewasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allof_________shespokefluently.

A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that

14.Thatevening,___Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.

A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when

15.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,______heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when

16.Theairqualityinthecity,_____isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.

A.thatB.itC.asD.what

17.Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace,____hassurprisedusall.

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what

18.Careofthesoulisagradualproce____eventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.

A.whatB.inwhatC.whichD.inwhich

19.IwishtothankProfessorSmith,without____helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.

A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which

20.By16:30,____wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.

A.whichB.whenC.whatD.that

21.Inourclathereare46students,_____halfwearglasses.

http://www.oh100.com hemC.ofwhomD.ofthem

22.Weliveinanage______moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.

A.whyB.whenC.towhomD.onwhich

23.Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandofnature,_____,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.

A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom

24.Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,____urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.

A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what

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