句子成分及练习题更新时间浏览次数,注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家,此结构后跟名词表示存在有某事物,代词或名词所有格作定语他的男孩需要的钢笔,教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
句子成分及练习题
句子成分及练习题更新时间:2017-10-13浏览次数:1211
一、英语语句基本结构分析:
>>主谓宾结构:
主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:Wecome.
宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等
例:Theboyneedsapen.主语theboy,谓语needs(need的第三人称单数形式),宾语apen.
>>主系表结构:
主语:同‘主谓宾’结构。
联系动词(Linkverb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,havebeen);其他联系动词如:become成为,turn变成,go变。其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词或副词,既,不可能是宾语。
表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。当联系动词不是be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别。
感官动词多可用作联系动词:lookwell/面色好,soundnice/听起来不错,feelgood/感觉好,smellbad/难闻例:Tomisaboy.(Tom是个男孩)/主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为aboy
>>Therebe结构:
Therebe表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。
此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’
试比较:Thereisaboythere.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。
二、定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘…的’表示。返回
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或
不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
形容词作定语:
Thelittleboyneedsabluepen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。Tomisahandsomeboy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。Thereisagoodboy./有个乖男孩。
数词作定语相当于形容词:Twoboysneedtwopens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
Thetwoboysarestudents./这两个男孩是学生。Therearetwoboysintheroom./房间里有两个男孩。代词或名词所有格作定语:HisboyneedsTom'spen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。
HisnameisTom./他的名字是汤姆。TherearetwoboysofTomsthere./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。介词短语作定语:
Theboyintheclassroomneedsapenofyours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
TheboyinblueisTom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
Therearetwoboysof9,andthreeof10./有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。
名词作定语:
Theboyneedsaballpen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。Itisaballpen./这是一支圆珠笔。
Thereisonlyoneballpeninthepencilbox./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。
副词作定语:
Theboythereneedsapen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。ThebestboyhereisTom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。不定式作定语:
Theboytowritethisletterneedsapen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
TheboytowritethisletterisTom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。
Thereisnothingtodotoday./今天无事要做。
分词(短语)作定语:
Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
ThepenboughtbyherismadeinChina./她买的笔是中国产的。
Therearefiveboysleft./有五个留下的男孩。
定语从句:Theboywhoisreadingneedsthepenwhichyouboughtyesterday.TheboyyouwillknowisTom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。
Therearefiveboyswhowillplaythegame./参加游戏的男孩有五个。
三、状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。返回
状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。
有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:Theboycallsthegirlintheclassroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘(此时intheclassroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此时intheclassroom为地点状语),最好写作‘Intheclassroom,theboycallsthegirl.'
副词(短语)作状语:
Theboyneedsapenverymuch./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)
Theboyneedsverymuchthepenboughtbyhismother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。(宾语较长则状语前置)
Theboyreallyneedsapen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)
Theboyneedsapennow./Now,theboyneedsapen./Theboy,now,needsapen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语)
介词短语作状语:Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen./在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语)Beforehismother,Tomisalwaysaboy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)
OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)
分词(短语)作状语:Hesitsthere,askingforapen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态)
Havingtofinishhishomework,theboyneedsapen./因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔。(原因状语)Frightened,hesitstheresoundlessly./(因为)受了惊吓,他无声地坐在那儿。(原因状语)
不定式作状语:
Theboyneedsapentodohishomework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语)
Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness./为实现梦想,汤姆变对商业有兴趣.名词作状语:Comethisway!/走这条路!(方向状语)
状语从句:时间状语从句,地点状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,目的状语从句
比较状语从句,让步状语从句,条件状语从句
四、直接宾语和间接宾语:特殊的同源宾语现象:fightafight,dreamadream,etc.
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
一般的顺序为:动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。如:Givemeacupoftea,please.
强调间接宾语顺序为:动词+直接宾语+to+间接宾语。如:ShowthishousetoMr.Smith.
若直接宾语为人称代词:动词+代词直接宾语+to+间接宾语。如:Bringittome,please.
五、宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。返回
名词/代词宾格+名词Thewarmadehimasoldier./战争使他成为一名战士.
名词/代词宾格+形容词Newmethodsmakethejobeasy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.
名词/代词宾格+介词短语Ioftenfindhimatwork./我经常发现他在工作.
名词/代词宾格+动词不定式
Theteacheraskthestudentstoclosethewindows./老师让学生们关上窗户.
名词/代词宾格+分词Isawacatrunningacrotheroad./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.
六、同位语:返回
同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如:
Westudentsshouldstudyhard./(students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’)
Weallarestudents./(all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)
七、独立成分:有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构)。返回感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等。肯定词yes否定词no
称呼语:称呼人的用语。
插入语:一些句中插入的Ithink,Ibelieve,等。
如:Thestory,Ithink,hasnevercometotheend./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.
情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然,等。
八、分词独立结构:分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致!否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。返回
例:错句:Studyinghard,yourscorewillgoup.
正确:(1)Studyinghard,youcanmakeyourscoregoup.或(2)Ifyoustudyhard,yourscorewillgoup.解析:错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语,则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,既yourscore.显然做study的应是人,不应是yourscore(分数).正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致(同为you);正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了).
分词独立结构常省略being,havingbeen.不过‘Therebeing...’的场合不能省略.
如:Game(being)over,hewenthome.
Hestandsthere,book(being)inhand.
独立结构还可用with、without引导,作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词,还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。
如:Withnothingtodo,hefellasleepsoon./无事可做,他很快就睡着了。
Theteachercamein,withglassesonhisnose./老师进来了,戴着一付眼镜。(注意,此句onhisnose不可省略!)句子的成分
(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词(4分,4分钟)
①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.
②Thereisanoldmancominghere.
③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.
④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.
(二)选出句中谓语的中心词(10分,10分钟)
①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.
A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall
②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.
A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer
③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?
http://www.oh100.com uallyC.goD.bus
④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.
A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?
http://www.oh100.com insC.haveD.breakfast
⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.
A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework
⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.
A.wantB.totellC.youD.is
⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.
A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor
⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.
http://www.oh100.com erestedC.inD.music
⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?
A.giveB.didC.whomD.book
(三)挑出下列句中的宾语(10分,10分钟)
①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.
ABCD
②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.
ABCD
③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.
ABCD
④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?
ABCD
⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?
ABCD⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.
ABCD
⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.
ABCD
⑧Goacrothebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.
ABCD
⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.
ABCD
⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.
ABCD
(四)挑出下列句中的表语(5分,5分钟)
①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.
ABCD
②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?
ABCD
③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.
ABCD
④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.
ABCD
⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.
ABCD
(五)挑出下列句中的定语(6分,6分钟)
①TheyuseMr,Mrswiththefamilyname.
ABCD
②Whatisyourgivenname?
ABCD
③OnthethirdlapareCla1andCla3.
ABCD
④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.
ABCD
⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.
ABCD
⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!
ABCD
(六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语(6分,6分钟)
①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthe
ABC
reading-room.
D
②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.
ABCD
③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.
ABCD
④TheycallmeLilysometimes.
ABCD
⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.
ABCD
⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?
ABCD
(七)挑出下列句中的状语(8分,8分钟)
①Therewasabigsmileonherface.
ABCD
②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.
ABCD
③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.
ABCD
④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtofast.
ABCD
⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MiLihurriedoff.
ABCD⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.
ABCD
⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.
ABCD
⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.
ABCD
(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语(5分,5分钟)
①Pleasetellusastory.
②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.
③MrLiisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.
④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.
⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?
答案
(一)①teacher②man③dictionary④Todo
(二)①B②A③C④A⑤C⑥C⑦D⑧C⑨A⑩A
(三)①D②D③B④A⑤B⑥D⑦C⑧D⑨A⑩D
(四)①D②B③D④C⑤B
(五)①C②C③A④B⑤B⑥D
(六)①C②C③C④C⑤D⑥B
(七)①D②A③D④D⑤A⑥D⑦C⑧D
(八)①us,间接宾语astory,直接宾语
②me,间接宾语anewbike,直接宾语③us,间接宾语history,直接宾语④Tom,间接宾语it,直接宾语⑤me,间接宾语message,直接宾语
初中英语划分句子成分练习题及答案
初中英语划分句子成分练习题及答案
1.WealwaysworkhardatEnglish.
2.Hesaidhedidn'tcome.
3.Theyloveeachother.
4.Whatdidyoubye?
5.Shewatchedherdaughterplayingthepiano.
6.yourjobtodayistohelptheold.
7.Speakingdoesn'tmeandoing.
8.ByethetimeIgottothestation,thetrainhadleft.
9.Thechildrenboughttheirparentsacarforthe25thanniversaryoftheirmarriage.
10.Ittakesmeanhourtogetthere.
答案:
1.WealwaysworkhardatEnglish。
——————————————
主语状语谓语状语状语
2.Hesaidhedidn'tcome.
———————————————
主句主语主句谓语从句主语从句谓语
3.Theyloveeachother.
——————————
主谓语宾语
4.Whatdidyoubye?
————————
宾助动词主谓
5.Shewatchedherdaughterplayingthepiano.
—————————————————————
主谓宾宾语补足语
6.yourjobtodayistohelptheold.
——————-——————————
主定语系动词表语
7.Speakingdoesn'tmeandoing.
————————————
主谓宾
8.ByethetimeIgottothestation,thetrainhadleft.
—————————————————————————
时间状语从句主句主语主句谓语
9.Thechildrenboughttheirparentsacarforthe25thanniversaryof
———————————————————————————————主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语状语theirmarriage.
————————
10.Ittakesmeanhourtogetthere.
————————————————
形式主语谓语宾语真正主语
英语句子成分练习题及定语从句
句子成分练习题(一)
(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词
①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.
②Thereisanoldmancominghere.
③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.
④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.
(二)划出出句中谓语
①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.
(三)挑出下列句中的宾语
1.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.2.Jimcannotdrehimself.
3.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.4.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.
5.Hejustwantedtostayathome.6.HepracticesspeakingEnglisheveryday.
(四)挑出下列句中的表语
①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.划出系动词:
1.Hisadviceprovedright.2.Theshopstaysopentill8o’clock.
3.Themachinewentwrong.4.Alltheseeffortsseeminvain.
5.Thesewordssoundreasonable.6.Theroomsoonbecamecrowded.
7.Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.8.Hefellillyesterday.
9.Treesturngreeninspring.10.Whatyousaidsoundsgreat.
(五)挑出下列句中的定语
①TheyuseMr,Mrswiththefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?
③OnthethirdlapareCla1andCla3.⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!
(七)划出下列句中的状语
1.Theyappointedhimmanager.2.Theyfoundthehousedeserted.()
3.Whatmakeshimthinkso?4.Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.()
5.Isawthemgettingonthebus.6.Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.(
7.I’llhavemybikerepaired.8.Don’tkeepthelightsburning.()
(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
1.Sheorderedherselfanewdress.2.Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.
3.Hebroughtyouadictionary.4.Hedenieshernothing.
5.Ishowedhimmypictures.6.Igavemycarawash.
7.Itoldhimthatthebuswaslate.8.Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.
句子成分练习题(二)
指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分:
1.2.People’sstandardsofliving5.I’llreturnthebook)
9.划出下列句子中的从句并注明是何种从句。
1.Whetherhecomesornotdoesn'tmakeanydifferencetome.
2.Thereisdisagreementamongeconomistsaboutwhatmoneyisandhowmoneyismeasured
3.Chinaisnotwhatitusedtobe.
4.Isthereanyproofthatthefoodofplantdiffersfromthatofanimals?
5.Taxesconsistofmoneythatpeoplepaytosupporttheirgovernment.
6.Whetherwe'llmakealoanfortheprojecthasnotbeendecided.
7.Ithasnotbeendecidedwhetherwe'llmakealoanfortheproject.
8.Itisnecessary(that)hehavehisfurtherstudyincollege.
9.Whatdoyouthinkofhisproposalthatwe(should)putonaplayattheEnglishevening?
10.Pleasepamethebookwhose(ofwhich)colorisgreen.
11.IwillcallyouassoonasIarriveinBeijing.
12.Ididn’trealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.
13.Itwassnowingwhenhearrivedatthestation.
14.Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.
15.Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.
16.ThatiswhereLuXunusedtolive.
一、单句辨别:判断下列简单句的类型
1.Workstartsatten.2.Mr.SmithteachesmybrotherEnglish.3.Weuseelectricityvery`often.
4.Heshowedalltheengineersthedifferencebetweenthetwoengines.
http://www.oh100.com heafternoonwereviewourlessons.
7.Inoureverydaylife;weseethingsmovingaboutonthegroundorintheair.
8.Igothomeafterdarkyesterday.9.Billalwaysdoesverywellatschool.
10.Amyalwayshelpshermotherafterschool.11.Tomoftenmakeshisteacherangry.
12.Helenlooksveryhappytoday.
定语从句练习
1.TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,________isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.
A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which
2.MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,_________,ofcourse,makealltheothersupset.
A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that
3.You’llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation__________youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.
A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as
4.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses_________arebuiltclosetoeachother.
A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that
5.Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,_______theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.
A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which
6.Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,________itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.
A.whenB.whichC.whereD.while
7.Abankistheplace____theylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.
A.whenB.thatC.whereD.there
8.Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents________allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who
weddingceremony.
A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.before
10.Theschoolshop,________customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfewtheholidays.
A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.where
11.Thedaysaregone________physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.
A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which
12.Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,________weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.
A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that
13.JuliewasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allof_________shespokefluently.
A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that
14.Thatevening,___Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when
15.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,______heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
16.Theairqualityinthecity,_____isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.
A.thatB.itC.asD.what
17.Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace,____hassurprisedusall.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what
18.Careofthesoulisagradualproce____eventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.
A.whatB.inwhatC.whichD.inwhich
19.IwishtothankProfessorSmith,without____helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.
A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which
20.By16:30,____wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.
A.whichB.whenC.whatD.that
21.Inourclathereare46students,_____halfwearglasses.
http://www.oh100.com hemC.ofwhomD.ofthem
22.Weliveinanage______moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.
A.whyB.whenC.towhomD.onwhich
23.Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandofnature,_____,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.
A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom
24.Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,____urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.
A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what