二用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语谓语宾语，练习分析下列句子成分在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种，初高中英语衔接系列讲与练之二，一句子的主要成份与次要成份，例如主语定语修饰主语系动词表语状语主语谓语
高中句子成分分析练习
句子成分分析Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.
One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclaaregirls.
Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.
Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.
Therichshouldhelpthepoor.
WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.
Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.
Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.Wearestudents.
OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.
Theweatherhasturnedcold.
Thespeechisexciting.
Threetimessevenistwentyone?
HisjobistoteachEnglish.
Hishobbyisplayingfootball.
Themachinemustbeoutoforder.
Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.
Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.
Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.
Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.
Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.
Hepretendednottoseeme.
Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.
Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.
Lendmeyourdictionary,please.
Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.
HisfathernamedhimDongming.
Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.
Letthefreshairin.（副词）
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Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.
Wesawherenteringtheroom.
Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.
Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.
Guilinisabeautifulcity.
Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.
Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.
HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.
Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.
HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.
Lighttravelsmostquickly.
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.
Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.
Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.
Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.
Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.
MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.
Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.
Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.
Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.
Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.
Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.
Iamtallerthanheis.
练习
二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（＝）、谓语（—）、宾语（～）：
Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfrom
dawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowater2
thevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.
三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（）、状语【】、补语{}：
MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.
四、分析文章各句的句子成分：
HumanremainsofancientsettlementswillbereburiedandlosttoscienceunderalawthatthreatensresearchintothehistoryofhumansinBritain,agroupofleadingarcheologists(考古学家)says.Inaletteraddressedtothejusticesecretary,KenClarke,40archaeologistswriteoftheir“deepandwidespreadconcern”abouttheissue.ItcentersonthelawintroducedbytheMinistryofJusticein2016whichrequiresallhumanremainsunearthedinEnglandandWalestobereburiedwithintwoyears,regardleoftheirage.Thedecisionmeansscientistshavetoolittletimetostudybonesandotherhumanremainsofnationalandculturalsignificance.
“Yourcurrentrequirementthatallarchaeologicallyunearthedhumanremainsshouldbereburied,whetherafterastandardperiodoftwoyearsorafurtherspecialextension,iscontrarytobasicprinciplesofarchaeologicalandscientificresearchandofmuseumpractice,”theywrite.
Thelawappliestoanypiecesofboneuncoveredataround400digsites,includingtheremainsof60orsobodiesfoundatStonehengein2016thatdatebackto3,000BC.Archaeologistshavebeengrantedatemporaryextensiontogivethemmoretime,buteventuallytheboneswillhavetobereturnedtotheground.
ThearrangementsmayresultinthewasteoffuturediscoveriesatsitessuchasHappisburghinNorfolk,wherediggingiscontinuingafterthediscoveryofstonetoolsmadebyearlyhumans950,000yearsago.Ifhuman
remainswerefoundatHappisburgh,theywouldbetheoldestinnorthernEuropeandthefirstindicationofwhatthisspecieswas.Underthecurrentpracticeofthelawthoseremainswouldhavetobereburiedandeffectivelydestroyed.
Before2016,guidelinesallowedfortheproperpreservationandstudyofbonesofsufficientageandhistoricalinterest,whiletheBurialAct1857appliedtomorerecentremains.TheMinistryofJusticeassuredarchaeologiststwoyearsagothatthelawwastemporary,buthassofarfailedtoreviseit.
MikeParkerPearson,anarchaeologistatSheffieldUniversity,said:“Archaeologistshavebeenextremelypatientbecausewewereledtobelievetheministrywassortingoutthisproblem,butwefeelthatwecannotwaitanylonger.”
Theministryhasnoguidelinesonwhereorhowremainsshouldbereburied,oronwhatrecordsshouldbekept.
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划分句子成分划分英语句子成分经典练习(适合初中、高中各年级)
划分句子成分经典练习
练习1.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。
1）Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.
2）Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.
3）Hisjobistotrainswimmers.
4）Wherehewasburiedremainedunknown.
5）Whathesaidprovedtrue.
6）Wemustkeepquiet.
7）Theshopstayedopenuntileleven.
8）Sheappearedyoungerthanshereallywas.
9）Hisfacewentred.
10）Hefellilllastweek.
11）ThecakeIateyesterdaytastesdelicious.
从上面我们可以看出，常见的系动词有，_____、_____、______、______、______、_____、_______、________等，它们下面一般跟________词作表语。
练习2.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译，体会it的替代性用法。
1）Itisveryplaintomethatheisroundandtalllikeatree.
2）ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasan
internationallanguage.
3）Itworriedherabitthanherhairwasturninggrey.
4）ThechairmanthoughtitnecessarytoinviteProfessor
Smithtospeakatthemeeting.
5）Shemadeitherdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople’s
affairesinthattown.
6）Idon’tthinkitpossibletomasteraforeignlanguage
withoutmuchmemorywork.
7）Hemadeitknowntohisfriendsthathedidn’twantto
enterpolitics.
8）Ileaveittoyourownjudgmentwhetheryoushoulddoit.从上面我们可以看出，作形式主语和宾语一般用代词______,真正的主语或宾语通常是________或__________，放在下面。
练习3.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译，留意定语是什么词性或结构充当，并留意定语的位置。
1）Comradesinhergroupoftenhelpherwithgrammar.
2）Thewomenontheleftaremakingshirtsfortheneighbors.
3）TheletteronthedeskisforMr.Wu.
4)Afterthethirdperiodthereisalongbreakforrestandexercise.
5)Anymanwithalittlesensecanseethatheisreallylikea
rope.
6)PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.
7)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsishisbrother.
8)Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.
9)Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.
10)Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.
11)Shecarriedabasketfullofeggs.
12)It’sabookworthnomorethanonedollars.
13)It’sacityfarfromthecoast.
14)Somefarmerssawsomethingstrangeinthesky.
15)Hehasmoneyenoughtobuyacar.
16)Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?
17)Thereislittletimeleft.
18）Therewerefewpeoplepresentatthemeeting.
19)OncetherelivedakingwhosenamewasMidas.
20)ThefilmwewaslastnightwasabouttheWarofLiberation.
21)Thehousethatstandsatthefootofthehillisarest-homefortheworkers.
22)Hetoldusastory,whichmovedmanyofustotears.
23)ThefirstthingIdrugupwasapieceofwhitecloth.
24)Thenthegreatdaycamewhenhewasapieceofwhitecloth.从上面我们可以看出______、________、__________和
_______作定语时常后置。
练习4.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一个。
1)Whathesaidwastrue.
2)Wemustdowhatthepartytoldustodo.
3)Thatiswhatinterestedhermost.
4)Wemustdowhateverthepeoplewantustodo.
5)Whoeversmokesherewillbepunished.
练习5.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译，并说明是什么词性或结构作宾语。
1）Ihopetoseehimassoonaspossible.
2）Hewouldn’tmindbeingleftalone.
3）Weareconsideringmakinganewplan.
4）Itjustmissedbeingcaught.
5）Sheadmittedhavingtakenthekey.
6）MymotherregrettedmissingalecturegivenbyProfessor
Liu.
7）Iregrettoinformyouthatweareunabletoofferyouajob.
8）Istoppedtotakeabreak.
9）Shetriedlivingalone.
10）Theseyoungtreesrequiredlookingaftercarefully.
11）Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanhour.
12）Imeanttohavecalledyou.
13）Toanswercorrectlyismoreimportantthantofinish
quickly.
14）Tosavemoneynowseemsimpossible.
15）Beingexposedtosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharm
toone’sskin.
从上面我们可以看出，动词原形不能做主语、宾语，要变为______或______之后才能作主语和宾语。
练习6.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译，体会宾语与宾补之间的逻辑关系，并指出宾补(宾语补足语)是什么词性或结构充当。
1）Shefounditdifficulttodothework.
2）Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.
3）Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.
4）Allofusconsideredhimhonest.
5）Theypushedthedooropen.
6）ThensuddenlyIsawamanlyingontheground.
7）Hishungerhadmadehimforgetarmydiscipline.
8）Theoldmanaskedustositdown.
9）IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.
10）TheysawLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjust
now.
11）Henoticedamanentertheroom.
12）Thedirectorhadherassistantpickupsomehotdogs.
13）Iwillhavemywatchrepairedtomorrow.
14）Onhiswayhome,hesuddenlyheardhisnamecalled.
15）Byspeakingslowly,hemadehimselfunderstood.
16）Wewantthesetreesplantedsoon.
17）I’llgetmyhaircuttomorrow.
18）Heleftmewaitingthere.
19）Ileftthebaglyingontheground.
20）Ican’tgetmycarrunningoncoldmorning.
我们可以看出，非谓语做宾语补足语时，如果宾补与宾语之间是主动关系，常用现在分词或不定式做宾补，如果宾补和宾语之间是被动关系，则用______________做宾补。
练习7.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于5种基本句型中的哪一种。
1）IwillbringyouthebookwhenIcomenexttime.
2)Heaskedtherulerwhyonlythefourrichmenblewtrumpets.
3)Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.
4)Sheshowedusmanyofherpictures.
5)Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynexttime.
我们可以看出，一些动词下面可以跟两个宾语，一个表示人，叫做__________宾语，一个表示物__________宾语。
练习8.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译，说出是什么词性或结构作定语，并体会定语和所修饰词之间的逻辑关系。
1）Therearelotsofplacesofinterestneedingrepairingin
ourcity.
2）Therewasaterriblenoisefollowingthesuddenburstof
light.
3）Therearemanyclothestobewashed.
4）Thereweremanyhousesburnedinthefire.
5）Thebellindicatingtheendoftheperiodrang,
interruptingourheateddiscussion.
6）Tigersbelongingtomeat-eatinganimalsfeedonmeat.
7）AboycallinghimselfJohnwantedtoseeyou.
8）Hepickedupawalletlyingonthegroundontheway
backhome.
9）Haven’tyouseenthesignreading“NOPHOTO”?
10）ThecarsmadeinJapanarebetterthanthosein
Germany.
11）Mostofthesingersinvitedtothepartywerefrom
America.
12）Withthegovernment’said,thoseaffectedby
earthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.
我们可以看出，非谓语作定语时，如果和所修饰词构成主动关系，用__________;如果和所修饰词构成被动关系，用________:如果表将来，多用__________.
练习9.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于5种基本句型的哪一种。口译，说出是什么词性或结构作状语，并体会状语和句子主语之间的逻辑关系。
1)Tokilltheboringtime,Ibegantoreadabook.
2)Seeingthis,somecomradesbecameveryworried.
3)Holdinghisheadhigh,themangerwalkedintotheroomtoattendthemeeting.
4)Hesattheredoingnothing.
5)Marysaidpointingtothenotice.
6)Hesentmeane-mail,hopingtogetfurtherinformation.
7)Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbytwostudents.
8)Hesatontheplatform,preparedtoanswerthequestion.
9)Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.(SV,现在分词作结果状语，主动关系)
10)Tastingwonderful,thiskindoffoodenjoyedagoodsale.
11)Drivenbyagreaterdemandofvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses.
12)Builthundredsyearsago,thetemplelookedold.
我们可以看出，非谓语作状语时，如果和句子主语构
成主动关系，用＿＿＿＿；如果和句子主语构成被动关系，用＿＿＿＿；如果表目的，多用＿＿＿＿
高中英语学习基础必备———句子成分分析
初高中英语衔接系列讲与练之二
简单句的句子成份分析(主语、谓语、宾语、定语)
句子的基本成份分析是高中英语语法学习的基础准备。不会分析句子成份，高中阶段的主要语法的学习如定语从句、名词性从句、非谓语等就会显得十分困难。
一．句子的主要成份与次要成份
[讲解]句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。句子的主要成份由主语和谓语部分部分组成。句子的次要成分有宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语等。其中，补语与同位语在高中阶段较常见。例如：(主语)(定语修饰主语)(系动词)(表语)(状语)(主语)(谓语)(宾语)(补语)(状语)
[练习]在括号内写出以下句子划线部分的基本成份（）()()()（）()()()（）()()()（）()()
二、主语及充当主语的词性、形式、短语或句子
[讲解]主语是句子的主体，是谓语陈述或说明的对象。正常语序的句子的主语在谓语动词前面或系动词前面。充当主语的词性有名词、代词、数词等。这一点我们在初中阶段较为熟悉。例如：主语由名词deer来充当)主语由代词everything来充当)主语由数词99来充当)
以下充当主语的情况在高中阶段较为常见。他们是：不定式、动名词等形式充当主语，动名词短语、不定式短语、介词短语充当主语以及充当主语从句充当主语。例如：主语由不定式tosay来充当)主语由不定式短语tohostaparty来充当)’shealth.(主语由动名词swimming来充当)主语由动名词短语Walkinghispetdogeveryday来充当)主语由whathesaid这一主语从句来充当)
[练习]在以下句子的主语部分加下划线并在括号内写出充当主语的词性、形式、短语或句子。
You,heandIareallseniorschoolstudents.()
NothingismoreimportantthanEQ.()
Tolearnaforeignlanguagecallsforpatiences.()
Beinghonestwillpay.()
Wherehismotherwillgoisasecret.()
三、谓语以及充当谓语的动词
[讲解]谓语说明主语的的动作、行为、特征或状态，谓语动词说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。谓语动词有不及物动词、系动词和及物动词三大类。谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息，除了一般现在时和一般过去时的主被动形式外，谓语动词往往由下列词语中的两个或两个以上依序排列构成：情态动词+时态助动词+语态助动词+主要动词。例如：作谓语，系动词)（work作谓语，不及物动词）
（told作谓语，及物动词）作谓语)作谓语)（willhavebeenplanted作谓语）
[练习]将以下句子的谓语动词部分划线
1.2.3.4.5.Theoldladykeepshealthybytakingexerciseeveryday.Ouroldbookshavebeensoldoutalready.Doeshegotoworkateight?Areyouwatchingfootballgamesnow?YoushallbeboughtanewMP4playernextmonth.
四、宾语及充当宾语的词性、形式、短语或句子
[讲解]宾语表示行为的对象。宾语放在及物动词或者介词之后。充当宾语的词性有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、不定式短语、动名词短语、宾语从句充当主语。例如：名词作宾语)代词作宾语)（数词作宾语）（不定式作宾语）（动名词作宾语）（不定式短语作宾语）（动名词短语作宾语）（宾语从句作宾语）
[练习]根据汉语提示将以下句子的宾语译成英语。
1.Ilikemynew________(学校)andmy__________(同学).
2.Mybagisredwhile______(你的)isbrown.
3.Doyouwant________________________（休息一下）？
4.Let’sstop______(工作)andgooutforachange.
5.Canyouunderstand__________________(我所说的话)justnow?
五、定语及充当定语的词性、形式、短语或句子
定语用来修饰或限制名词或代词。可用作定语的有形容词、代词、数词、名词、名词所有格、分词、动词-ing形式、动词不定式、副词、介词短语及从句等。例如：
（1）名词作定语：Abookcover,acoffeecup,atableleg,amountainplant
（2）形容词(短语)作定语:anattractivesight,peoplealive,
（3）副词(短语)作定语:Thestudentshereworkhard.Thebookoverthereishis.
（4）介词短语作定语:Thepencil-bosonthedeskismine.
（5）动名词、分词（短语）定语:Heisawalkingdictionary
（6）不定式（短语）:Isthereanythingtoeat?
（7）定语从句:Thebookcasethatwasboughtyesterdayischeap.
[练习]将下列句中作定语的部分划线.
1.Ineedabookcover.
2.Johnisahandsomestar.
3.Thetreesovertheregrowgreen.
4.Thebooksinmyschoolbagarereadable.
5.ThecrowdswaitingforYangLiweicheeredup.
6.I’dliketointroduceabookcalledAWomaninWhitetoyou.
7.Thecomputertoberepairedisonthedesk.
8.Doyouknowthedatewhenhewasborn?
(待续)
练习参考答案
一．[练习]在括号内写出以下句子划线部分的基本成份
1.（主语）(系动词)(表语)(定语)
2.（主语）(谓语)(宾语)(补语)
3.（定语）(主语)(谓语)(定语)（定语）(宾语)(状语)
二、[练习]在以下句子的主语部分加下划线并在括号内写出充当主语的词性、形式、短语或句子。代词)代词)不定式短语)动名词短语)主语从句)
三、[练习]将以下句子的谓语动词部分划线四、[练习]根据汉语提示将以下句子的宾语译成英语。
1.school, http://www.oh100.com
五、[练习]将下列句中作定语的部分划线.6.I’
下一稿：
初高中英语衔接系列讲与练之二（续）
简单句的句子成份分析(状语、补语、补语、同位语)