初中英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习,表语系动词之后的成分表示主语的性质状态和特征,介词后的名词代词和动名词介宾,六定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词词组或句子,代词做主语数词做主语名词化的形容词做主语。
初中英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习
初中英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习
主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。
Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)Helikesdancing.(代词)
Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)
Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)
Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)
谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.
表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
Heisateacher.(名词)Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.(代词)
Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)Heisasleep.(形容词)
Hisfatherisin.(副词)Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)
Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词)
Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.(不定式)
Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表语从句)
(常见的系动词有:be,sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来),taste(尝、吃起来),
remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉)...
Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.
Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.
Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.
Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.
宾语:
1)动作的承受者-----动宾
IlikeChina.(名词)Hehatesyou.(代词)
Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(数词)
Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)
Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(宾语从句)
2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.
3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.
宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.(名)
1
一、主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。
Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)
Helikesdancing.(代词)
Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)
Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)
Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)
Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)
Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.
(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)
二、谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
WestudyEnglish.
Heisasleep.
三、表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
Heisateacher.(名词)
Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.(代词)
Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)
Heisasleep.(形容词)
Hisfatherisin.(副词)
Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)
Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词)
Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.”(不定式)
Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表语从句)
常见的系动词有:be,sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来),smell(闻起来),
taste(尝、吃起来),remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉)….
Itsoundsagoodidea.
Thesoundsoundsstrange.
Hervoicesoundssweet.
Tomlooksthin.
Thefoodsmellsdelicious.
Thefoodtastesgood.
Thedoorremainsopen.
NowIfeeltired.
三、宾语:
1)动作的承受者——动宾
IlikeChina.(名词)
2
Hehatesyou.(代词)
Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(数词)
Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.
Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)
Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)
Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(宾语从句)
2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾
Areyouafraidofthesnake?
Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.
3)双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
Hegavemeabookyesterday.
Givethepoormansomemoney.
四、宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)
Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.(名)
Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)
Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)
Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(介词短语)
Don’tlethimdothat.(省to不定式)
Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to不定式)
Don’tkeepthelightsburning.(现在分词)
I’llhavemybikerepaired.(过去分词)
五、主补:对主语的补充。
Hewaselectedmonitor.
Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.
http://www.oh100.com
六、定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.(名词)
Heisourfriend.(代词)
Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词)
Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词)
Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)
Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)
TheboysplayingfootballareinCla2.(现在分词)
Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(过去分词)
Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)
YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句)
七、状语:用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
Iwillgotheretomorrow.
Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.
Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.
HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.
Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.
Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.
Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpatheexam.
Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.
记忆口诀:
英语动词分四种,行为连系助动情。
动作状态为行动,充当谓语有作用;
连系动词有意义,不能独立作谓语,
须与表语在一起,常用look,become,be
助动词无意义,不能独立作谓语,
时态、疑问和否定,do,be,will最常用
情态动词must,can,may,表示语气和情态,
人称与数无变化,动词原形跟着它。
一感二听三使四看
一感:feel二听:hear,listen三使:make,let,have
四看:lookat,see,watch,notice感使动词真奇怪,to在句中像妖怪,
主动句中它走开,被动句中它回来,
动词let要除外,to词可来可不来。
初中英语语法——句子成分讲解和及时练习
英语句子成分
句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。
1、主语
主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
主语的位置:
Theschoolisfarfromhere.名词做主语
Shegoestoschoolbybike.
Eightisaluckynumber.
Theblindneedmorehelp.代词做主语数词做主语名词化的形容词做主语
v(有实际意义的v):如see,play,write,实义Whatweshoulddoisnotyetknown.从句做主语speakv的v):用于构成疑问句和否定句Predictingthefutureisinteresting.动名词做主语助动词(辅助实义
有:Tobeadoctorismydream.不定式短语做主语am/is/are/was/were,do/does/did,can/could2、谓语,will/would,shall/should/must,have/has/hadmay/might
系说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或adj“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。v:后面可以接的v,如:am/is/are/was/were,feel/谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。sound/look/smell/taste/e/get/go/seem等实义v后面跟的成分叫宾语,系v后面跟的成分叫表语
系动词表保持(keep,stay,remain)
表改变(get,become,turn)
感官动词(feel,sound(听起来),seem/look(看起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来))如:
Westudyhard.
Wedon’tfinishreadingthebook.
HecanspeakEnglish.
3、表语
用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。
表语的位置:用在动词be和系动词的后面。
名词作表语)
形容词作表语)
Heisn’t副词作表语)
介词短语作表语)
不定式短语作表语)
常见的系动词
be动词
与感觉有关的动词look,sound,smell,taste,feel等
表示状态变化的动词,意为“变得”“变成”如get,grow,turn等
,千万不能用副词。
4、宾语
是动作的对象或承受者。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句构成.
Isawaplaneintheskyjustnow.
Iwantthree.数词做宾语
Ilikegoingshopping.
5、宾语补足语(宾补)
充当宾补的有:
Thesunkeepsuswarm.形容词作宾语补足语Wethinkpredictingthefutureishard.名词做宾语动名词做宾语宾语从句有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外,还须加上一个补足语。如果没有补足语(宾补),有时候句子的意思就不完整。
Ifoundherintheroom.介词短语作宾语补足语
Pleaselethimin.副词作宾语补足语
Wemadehimmonitoroftheclass.名词作宾语补足语
Iaskedhimtocome.动词不定式和分词也能用作宾语补足语
6、定语
定语修饰名词或代词(即在汉语里的“……的”)
(1)形容词作定语(一般放在被修饰语之前,修饰不定代词时放在后面)
Theyhaveacleverson.
Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.
(2)名词作定语:
Isitacolorfilm?
名词作定语一般用单数形式,如:schoolbus,ticketoffice,paperflowers
但也有例外,如:sportsmeeting,clothesshop
man和woman修饰的名词如果是复数,它们总以复数的形式作定语,如:mendrivers,womendoctors
(3)代词作定语:
Thissongisbetterthanthatone.
(4)数词作定语:
Thereareonlythirtystudentsinourclass.
带有数字的复合形容词.当复合形容词用连字号连接时,其中的名词要用单数形式.
atwo-dayholidayathree-year-oldboy
(5)副词作定语(放在被修饰词之后):
Doyouknowtheyoungmanoverthere?
(6)介词短语作定语(放在被修饰词之后):
Thestudentsinourclalikeswimming.
7、状语
,.
(1)副词作状语:
Theboyisveryclever.
(2)介词短语作状语:
(3)不定式作状语
Icomeheretoseeyou.
(4)现在分词作状语
(5)状语从句
We’llgoshoppingifitdoesn’traintomorrow.
状语的位置
1.在一般情况下,用于句末。
Welikeourschoolverymuch.
2.为了强调状语,可以把它放在句首.
Iusuallygetupatsix,butthismorningIgotupateight.
3.表频度的副词通常用于句中,如always,usually,often,hardly,never,
Iusuallygetupearly.
Heisoftenlate.
4.一些副词,如already,once,just,soon,yet,still,nearly,almost,really,suddenly,certainly等用法相似sometimes,now可以位于句首,句中或句末。
only在句中的位置比较灵活,但位置不同,意义也不同。
Theactoronlysangasong.Theoldmaniswalkingslowly.表方式表程度IhavelivedinShanghaiforfiveyears.表目的表时间Theteachercamein,holdingabookinhishand.表方式
Onlytheactorsangasong.
Theactorsangonlyonesong.
5.两个或多个状语同时修饰时的顺序
(1)地点状语在前,时间状语在后.
WewillhaveameetinginRoom202tomorrow.
(2)较小单位的状语在前,由小到大
Mr.Lilivesat88JinzhouRoad.,Changsha,Hunan.
(3)一个句子有几个不同种类的副词作状语,其顺序大都是:程度副词,方式副词,地点副词,时间副词Shesangverywellatthemeetinglastnight.
句子的成分专项练习题
一、典型例题
写出划线部分的句子成分。
6.She
totheChildren’sPalace
二、分项练习
(一)挑出下列句中的宾语
①Mybrotherdoesn'tdohishomework.
ABCD
②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.
ABCD
③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.
ABCD
④Howmanynewwordsdoyoulearn?
ABCD
⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?
ABCD
(二)挑出下列句中的表语
①Theoldmanisfeelingverytired.
ABCD
②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?
ABCD
③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.
ABCD
④SoonTheyallbecomeinterestedinthesubject.
ABCD
⑤Sheisthefirsttolearnaboutit.
ABCD
(三)挑出下列句中的定语
①TheyuseMr.Mrs.withthefamilyname.
ABCD
②Whatisyourgivenname?
ABCD
③OnthethirdlapareCla1andCla3.
ABCD
④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.
ABCD
⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.
ABCD
(四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.
ABCD
②Heaskshertotaketheboyoutofschool.
ABCD
③Shefinditdifficulttodothework.
ABCD
④TheycallmeLilysometimes.
ABCD
⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.
ABCD
(五)挑出下列句中的状语
①Thereisabigsmileonherface.
ABCD
②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.
ABCD
③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.
ABCD
④Themanonthemotorbikeistravellingtofast.
ABCD
⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MiLihurriedoff.
ABCD
初中英语句子成分讲解及练习
英语句子成分
组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。
1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,表示所谈的是谁或是什么。一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如:
Thecarisnice.(名词)
Wearestudents.(代词)
OneofmyclassmatesisfromShanghai.(数词)
It'sbadmannerstospitinpublic.(不定式)
Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.(动名词)
【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。
2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如:
Heworksinafactory.(实义动词)
Ifeltcold.(系动词+表语)
IcanspeakEnglish.(情态动词+实义动词)
DoyouspeakEnglish?(助动词+实义动词)
Theyareworkinginafield.(助动词+实义动词)
【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。
3.宾语:是及物动词所涉及的对象,一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如:
Hedoeshishomework.(名词)
Theydidnothingthismorning.(代词)
Shewantstogohome.(不定式)
Welikeplayingfootball.(动名词)
【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有buy,sell等。如:
Heboughtmeabook.
Pametheball,willyou?(间宾+直宾)
直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后,但若把直接宾语放在前面,则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。如:
HanChenlentsomemoneytoLiHai.(直宾+间宾)
XiaoLiuboughtadictionaryforTom.(直宾+间宾)
②有的动词常用不定式作宾语,而不能用动名词。这类动词有:want,wish,hope,promise,decide,agree,choose,care等。如:
Ihopetoseeyouagain.
③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语,而不用不定式。这类动词有:enjoy,finish,mind,practise,miss,suggest,keep(on)等。如:
Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?
④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。
a)forgettodo表示“未发生的动作”,forgetdoing表示“已完成的动作”。如:
Don'tforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(还没来)
Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.(书已还给他了)
b)stoptodo(不定式为状语)表示“停下
原来的事,去做另一件事”,stopdoing表示“停止做某事”。如:Istoppedtotalkwithhim.(我停下来与他谈话。)
Thestudentsstoppedtalkingwhentheteachercamein.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。)
4.定语:用于修饰名词或代词,一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如:
Itisabeautifulwatch!(形容词)
SheisaChineseteacher.(名词)
Therearetwostudentsintheclassroom.(数词)
Wehavesomethingtodotomorrow.(不定式)
Themaninblueismybrother.(介词短语)
【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前,但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语,则放在后面。
5.状语:用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前,短语或从句放在句首或句末。如:
Thankyouverymuch.(副词)
Igetupatfiveinthemorning.(介词短语)
Heisstudyinghardsoastocatchupwithothers.(不定式短语)
Wewerehavingbreakfastwhenthetelephonerang.(从句)
【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如:
Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.
6.表语:用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受,一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有:be,look,get,sound(听起来),feel,become,smell,turn,taste(尝起来)等。如:
Theyareworkers.(名词)
Twoandthreeisfive.(数词)
Thestoryisveryinteresting.(形容词)
Myjob(工作)isteachingEnglish.(动名词)
Sheisathome.(介词短语)
Ifeelterrible.(形容词)
Thedishtastesdelicious.(形容词)
7.宾语补足语:用于补充说明宾语的动作,一般位于宾语之后,宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有:tell,let,help,teach,ask,see,have,order,make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如:
Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)
8、同位语:若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物,并且,句法功能也一样,那么,后一项称为前一项的同位语。
ThisismyfriendHarry.这是我的朋友哈利。
Westudentsshouldstudyhard.我们学生应该努力学习。
(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词(4分,4分钟)
①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.
③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.
④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.
(二).选出句中谓语的中心词(10分,10分钟)
①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.
A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.
A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?
http://www.oh100.com uallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.
A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?
http://www.oh100.com insC.haveD.breakfast⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.
A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.
A.wantB.totellC.youD.is⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.
A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor
⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.
http://www.oh100.com erestedC.inD.music⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?
A.giveB.didC.whomD.book
(三)挑出下列句中的宾语(10分,10分钟)
①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.
ABCD
②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.
ABCD
③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.
ABCD
④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?
ABCD
⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?
ABCD
ABCD
⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.
ABCD
⑧Goacrothebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.
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⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.
ABCD
⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.
ABCD
(四)挑出下列句中的表语(5分,5分钟)
①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.
ABCD
②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?
ABCD
③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.
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④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.
ABCD
⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.
ABCD
(五)挑出下列句中的定语(6分,6分钟)
①TheyuseMr.Mrs.withthefamilyname.
ABCD
②Whatisyourgivenname?
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③OnthethirdlapareCla1andCla3.
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④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.
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ABCD
⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!
ABCD
(六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语(6分,6分钟)
①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.
ABCD②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.
ABCD
③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.
ABCD
④TheycallmeLilysometimes.
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⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.
ABCD
⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?
ABCD
(七)挑出下列句中的状语(8分,8分钟)
①Therewasabigsmileonherface.
ABCD
②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.
ABCD
③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.
ABCD
④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtofast.
ABCD
⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MiLihurriedoff.
ABCD
⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.
ABCD
ABCD
⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.
ABCD
(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语(5分,5分钟)①Pleasetellusastory.
②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.
③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.
④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.
⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?