答案实意情态当为被动语态时还可本题考最后一种用法选，在形容词后的动名词必须用主动形式，特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法，专题十三句子的结构测试过关，专题十三句子的结构测试过关。
中考英语语法---句子
中考英语语法---句子
一、祈使句结构
1祈使句结构
祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。
1）祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do(但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。
Takethisseat.
Dobecareful.
否定结构：
Don'tmove.
Don'tbelate.
2）第二种祈使句以let开头。
Let的反意疑问句
a.Let's包括说话者
Let'shaveanothertry，shallwe/shan'twe
=Shallwehaveanothertry
b.Letus不包括说话者
Letushaveanothertry，willyou/won'tyou
=Willyoupleaseletushaveanothertry
否定结构：
Let'snottalkofthatmatter.
Letusnottalkofthatmatter.
二、感叹句结构
感叹句结构
感叹句通常有what,how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。
what修饰名词，how修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种：掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。
How+形容词+a+名词+陈述语序
How+形容词或副词+陈述语序
What+名词+陈述语序
What+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序
What+形容词+复数名词+陈述语序
What+形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序
Howcleveraboyheis!
Howlovelythebabyis!
Whatnoisetheyaremaking!
Whatacleverboyheis!
Whatwonderfulideas(wehave)!
Whatcoldweatheritis!
感叹句的省略形式为：
Whatacleverboy(heis)!
典型例题
1）___foodyou'vecooked!
A.HowaniceB.WhataniceC.HowniceD.Whatnice
答案D.由于How修饰形容词，副词；what修饰名词。且food为不可数名词，因此A，B排除。CHow+adj.后面不能再加名词，因此只有D正确，其句型为What+adj.+n.(不可数)
2）___terribleweatherwe'vebeenhavingthesedays!
A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa
答案A.weather为不可数名词，B，D排除。C为how+adj.后面不应有名词。只有A，符合句型What+形容词+不可数名词。
3)---_____Ihad!
---Youreallysufferedalot.
A.WhatatimeB.WhattimeC.HowatimeD.howtime
答案A.感叹句分两类：
1：What+n.+主谓部分
2：How+adj./adv./v.+主谓部分。本题属第一种，但省略了bad，相对于WhatabadtimeIhad!这是个习惯用语。
三、句子的种类
句子的种类
（一）按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1）陈述句（DeclarativeSentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。
Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光比声速度快。（说明事实）
Thefilmisratherboring.这部电影很乏味。
（说明看法）
2）疑问句（InterrogativeSentences）：提出问题。有以下四种：
a.一般疑问句（GeneralQuestions）：
Canyoufinishtheworkintime
你能按时完成工作吗
b.特殊疑问句（WQuestions;HQuestions）：
Wheredoyoulive你住那儿
Howdoyouknowthat你怎么知道那件事
c.选择疑问句（AlternativeQuestions）：
Doyouwantteaorcoffee
你是要茶还是要咖啡
d.反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）：
Hedoesn'tknowher,doeshe
他不认识她，对不对
3）祈使句（ImperativeSentences）：提出请求，建议或发出命令，例如：
Sitdown,please.请坐。
Don'tbenervous!别紧张！
4）感叹句（ExclamatorySentences）：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪，例如：
Whatgoodnewsitis!多好的消息啊！
（二）句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：
1）简单句（SimpleSentences）：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句，例如：
Sheisfondofcollectingstamps.她喜欢集邮。
(主)(谓)
2）并列句（CompoundSentences）：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接，例如：
Thefoodwasgood,buthehadlittleappetite.
(主)(谓)(主)(谓)
食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。
3）复合句（ComplexSentences）：包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导，例如：
Thefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinema.
主句从句
我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。
（三）基本句型（BasicSentencePatterns）：英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的：
1）主+动（SV）例如：
Iwork.我工作。
2）主+动+表（SVP）例如：
Johnisbusy.约翰忙。
3）主+动+宾（SVO）例如：
ShestudiesEnglish.她学英语。
4）主+动+宾+补（SVOC）例如：
Timewouldprovemeright.时间会证明我是对的。
5）主+动+间宾+直宾（SVOiOd）例如：
Mymothermademeanewdress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。
need/want
http://www.oh100.com
注意：当need,want,require,worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动。
Yourhairwantscutting.你的头发该理了。
Thefloorrequireswashing.地板需要冲洗。
Thebookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。
典型例题
Thelibraryneeds___,butit'llhavetowaituntilSunday.
A.cleaningB.becleanedC.cleanD.beingcleaned
答案A.need(实意)+n/todo，need(情态)+do，当为被动语态时，还可need+doing.本题考最后一种用法，选A。如有tobeclean则也为正确答案。
典：done，"不可能已经"。mustnotdo不可以（用于一般现在时)。
四、被动表示主动
被动形式表示主动意义
bedetermined,bepleased,begraduated(from),befinished,beprepared(for),beoccupied(in),getmarries
Heisgraduatedfromafamousuniversity.
他毕业于一所有名的大学。
注意：表示同某人结婚，用marrysb.或getmarriedtosb.都可。
Hemarriedarichgirl.
Hegotmarriedtoarichgirl.
五、主动表示被动
主动形式表示被动意义
1)wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell,drive…Thebooksellswell.这本书销路好。
Thisknifecutseasily.这刀子很好用。
2)blame,let(出租),remain,keep,rent,build
Iwastoblamefortheaccident.
Muchworkremains.
3)在need,require,want,worth(形容词),deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。
Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.
Thisroomneedscleaning.这房间应该打扫一下。
Thisbookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。
4)特殊结构： http://www.oh100.com (使别人能听见/理解自己)，havesth.done(要某人做某事)。
六、不用被动语态
不用被动语态的情况
1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：
appear,diedisappear,end(vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,standbreakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.
Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.
比较：rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。
(错)Thepricehasbeenrisen.
(对)Thepricehasrisen.
(错)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.
(对)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.
(错)Thepricehasraised.
(对)Thepricehasbeenraised.
(错)Pleaseseat.
(对)Pleasebeseated.
要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto
Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.
Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.
3)系动词无被动语态：
appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,
turn
Itsoundsgood.
4)带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：
die,death,dream,live,life
Shedreamedabaddreamlastnight.
5)当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。
(对)Shelikestoswim.
(错)Toswimislikedbyher.
表示"据说"或"相信"的词组
believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understandItissaidthat…据说
Itisreportedthat…据报道
Itisbelievedthat…大家相信
Itishopedthat…大家希望
Itiswellknownthat…众所周知
Itisthoughtthat…大家认为
Itissuggestedthat…据建议
Itistakengrantedthat…被视为当然
Ithasbeendecidedthat…大家决定
Itmustberememberthat…务必记住的是
ItissaidthatshewillleaveforWuhanonTuesday.
2016年中考英语语法句子结构专题
专题十三句子的结构测试过关
考号：______姓名：_____________做题时间：25分钟得分：__________I.判断下列句子是简单句（A）并列句（B），还是复合句（C）
()1.Idon’tlikeEnglishwhilemysisterisgoodatit.
()2.Whenyoucamein,shewaswashingherclothes.
()3.Ifyoudon’tgothere,theywillnotbehappy.
()4.WiththehelpofmygoodfriendWeiWei,Isucceededinpassingtheexam.
()5.Haveyoueverseenthemanwhoiswearingaredcap?
II.单项选择。
()1.Mr.SmithknowslittleChinese,____hecan'tunderstandChinesecultureatall.
A.soB.orC.butD.for
()2.—Canyouplaybasketball?
—Yes,Ican,____Ican'tplayitverywell.
A.orB.andC.soD.but
()3.Thewarwasoverabouttwoweeksago,_____thesoldiersinIraqarestillhavingalotofproblemstodealwith.
A.orB.andC.butD.so
()4.Youmuststudyhard,_____youwillfallbehindothers.
A.andB.butC.soD.or
()5.Takeexerciseeverymorning,____youwillbecomemuchstronger.
A.orB.andC.butD.while
()6.Holdonyouridea,______you'resuretobesuccessfulinthisexam.
A.andB.orC.butD.so
()7.—WillyougoonTuesdayorWednesday?
—I'mafraid______dayispossible.I'llbeverybusynextweek.
A.eitherB.neitherC.bothD.also
()8.____Jim_____Jackmaygowithyoubecauseoneofthemmuststayintheschool.
A.Notonly;butalsoB.Neither;nor
C.Both;andD.Either;or
()9.Becarefulwithdangerousanimals,_____you'llbehurt.
A.andB.butC.orD.so
()10.—Didn'tyougiveflowerstoyourMotheronMother'sDay?
—Oh,notonlymymother,______mygrandmagotredroses.
A.orB.andC.butD.until
()11.Whatdoyouthinkofthetwopairsoftrousers?
Theydon'tfitmewell.Theyare_toobig_toosmall.
A.notonly;butalsoB.both;and
C.neither;norD.either;or
()12.Stopcuttingtreesdown,_____theearthwillbecomeworseandworse.
A.andB.thenCbutD.or
()13.Myfatherboughtmeatoycar____Ilikeditverymuch.
A.andB.soC.butD.or
()14.Everybodywenttothepark,______Ididn't.
A.getB.orC.butD.so
()15.—Hello,MiWhite!
—I'msorry,_____Idon'tthinkIknowyou.
A.andB.orC.butD.because
()16.Thelittlegirlisveryyoung_____shecanlookafterherselfwell.
A.soB.butC.ifD.or
()17.Lilyputherhandsbehindherback,____nobodycouldseethem.
A.soB.andC.orD.but
()18.NeitheryounorI_____fromAustralia.WearefromtheUSA.
A.isB.areC.amD.be
()19.—Wecanlearnknowledge____frombooks_____fromlife.
—Yes,bothareimportant.
A.either；orB.notonly；butalso
Cneither；norD.not；and
()20._______IarriveinBeijing,I’llcallyouup.
A.SinceB.WhileC.OnceD.Although
()21.Iwon’tgetsucceeded__yougivemeahand.
A.unlessB.ifnotC.exceptD.whether
()22.Bencouldn’tbeintheofficeatthattime_____howmanytimesIphonedhim,nobodyansweredit.
A.becauseB.butC.whomD.Though
()23.IhadbeentoXi’anlong______youvisitedit.
A.beforeB.tillC.afterD.when
()24._______,heisgoodatdrawing.
A.TobeachildB.Achildasheis
C.AsachildD.Childasheis
()25.Don’tloseheart___youhavefailedtheexam.
A.whetherB.asifC.evenifD.however
()26.Wecangettotheairportontime_____thereisn’tanytrafficjam（堵塞）.
A.whileB.aslongasC.sothatD.evenif
()27.Thepencilboxontheleftis______thantheoneontheright,andnot_____.
A.morenicer；soexpensive
B.muchmorebetter；asexpensive
C.nicer；asexpensiveD.better；suchexpensive
()28.Itwasn’tlong______shejoinedthearmy.
A.thatB.beforeC.untilD.and
()29.Thesenewplanescanfly__thantheoldones.
A.asfastthreetimesB.threetimesasfast
C.threetimesfastD.threetimesfaster
()30._______hadthebellrung______thestudentswentintotheclassroom.
A.Hardly；whenB.Nosooner；when
C.Hardly；thanD.Nosooner；then
()31.______youhavecome,let’sstayandenjoyit.
A.ForB.AsC.BecauseD.Since
()32.You’dbetterdo_____youareasked.
A.likeB.whichC.thatD.as
()33.______thatnoneofuscouldfollowher.
A.ShespokeveryfastB.Sofastshespoke
C.ToofastshespokeD.Sofastdidshespeak
()34.I’llsetoffearly,______itmaybedarkwhenIgetthere.
A.howeverB.whetherC.ifD.otherwise
()35._____thebabyfellasleep______theroom.
A.After；didthemotherleave
B.Notuntil；didthemotherleave
C.Notuntil；themotherleft
D.Soonafter；themotherhadleft
()36.Lilycan’thavegoneout,__thelightisstillon.
A.andB.butC.beforeD.for
()37.Iwaswalkingalongthebank_____Iheardacryfromtheriver.
A.whileB.sinceC.whenD.as
()38.Weshouldn’tdothechemistryexperiment________theteacheriswithas.
A.ifnotB.ifC.unlessD.aslongas
()39.Shehas____littleeducation_____sheisunabletofindajob.
A.such；thatB.so；andC.so；thatD.such；and
()40.Iwillgo______ourmotherlandneedsmemostaftergraduation.
A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.what
()41.Doyouknowtheboy______motherisanactress?
A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.that
()42.Canyoutellmethereason______youalwayscometoschoollate?
A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that
()43.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho______thechancetogototheUSA.
A.haveB.getC.getsD.grasp
()44.Iamlookingforaquietplacein______IcanstudyEnglish.
A.whereB.whichC.thatD.who
()45.Doyoustillrememberthedays______weplayedhideandseekgamestogether?
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.why
()46.All______shouldcomehavecome.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whose
()47.Tomgotthefirstplaceinthecompetition,_____madeothersunhappy.
A.whoB.thatC.whichD.what
()48.Thesituation______hehastofaceisveryserious.
A.whereB.whomC.whichD.why
()49.Itisforthethirdtime______hehascometoschoollate.
A.whenB.whoC.thatD.which
()50.Itisthetallestbuilding_____Ihaveeverseeninmylife.
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.whom
【质量标准控制考试满分过关】
以上50小题中，做错的题目有：
____________________________________；解决日期是：________________________；解决途径：__________________________；感谢恩人：__________________________.1—5:BCCAC
中考英语语法考前一网打尽(句子结构)
专题十三句子的结构测试过关
考号：______姓名：_____________做题时间：25分钟得分：__________
I.判断下列句子是简单句（A）并列句（B），还是复合句（C）
()1.Idon’tlikeEnglishwhilemysisterisgoodatit.
()2.Whenyoucamein,shewaswashingherclothes.
()3.Ifyoudon’tgothere,theywillnotbehappy.()4.WiththehelpofmygoodfriendWeiWei,Isucceededinpassingtheexam.
()5.Haveyoueverseenthemanwhoiswearingaredcap?II.单项选择。
()1.Mr.SmithknowslittleChinese,____hecan'tunderstandChinesecultureatall.A.soB.orC.butD.for()2.—Canyouplaybasketball?
—Yes,Ican,____Ican'tplayitverywell.A.orB.andC.soD.but
()3.Thewarwasoverabouttwoweeksago,_____thesoldiersinIraqarestillhavingalotofproblemstodealwith.
A.orB.andC.butD.so
()4.Youmuststudyhard,_____youwillfallbehindothers.
A.andB.butC.soD.or
()5.Takeexerciseeverymorning,____youwillbecomemuchstronger.
A.orB.andC.butD.while()6.Holdonyouridea,______you'resuretobesuccessfulinthisexam.
A.andB.orC.butD.so()7.—WillyougoonTuesdayorWednesday?
—I'mafraid______dayispossible.I'llbeverybusynextweek.
A.eitherB.neitherC.bothD.also()8.____Jim_____Jackmaygowithyoubecauseoneofthemmuststayintheschool.A.Notonly;butalsoB.Neither;norC.Both;andD.Either;or
()9.Becarefulwithdangerousanimals,_____you'llbehurt.
A.andB.butC.orD.so()10.—Didn'tyougiveflowerstoyourMotheronMother'sDay?
—Oh,notonlymymother,______mygrandmagotredroses.
A.orB.andC.butD.until()11.Whatdoyouthinkofthetwopairsoftrousers?Theydon'tfitmewell.Theyare_toobig_toosmall.A.notonly;butalsoB.both;andC.neither;norD.either;or
()12.Stopcuttingtreesdown,_____theearthwillbecomeworseandworse.
A.andB.thenCbutD.or()13.Myfatherboughtmeatoycar____Ilikeditverymuch.
A.andB.soC.butD.or()14.Everybodywenttothepark,______Ididn't.A.getB.orC.butD.so()15.—Hello,MiWhite!
—I'msorry,_____Idon'tthinkIknowyou.A.andB.orC.butD.because()16.Thelittlegirlisveryyoung_____shecanlookafterherselfwell.
A.soB.butC.ifD.or()17.Lilyputherhandsbehindherback,____nobodycouldseethem.
A.soB.andC.orD.but()18.NeitheryounorI_____fromAustralia.WearefromtheUSA.
A.isB.areC.amD.be()19.—Wecanlearnknowledge____frombooks_____fromlife.
—Yes,bothareimportant.
A.either；orB.notonly；butalsoCneither；norD.not；and
()20._______IarriveinBeijing,I’llcallyouup.A.SinceB.WhileC.OnceD.Although
()21.Iwon’tgetsucceeded__yougivemeahand.A.unlessB.ifnotC.exceptD.whether()22.Bencouldn’tbeintheofficeatthattime_____howmanytimesIphonedhim,nobodyansweredit.
A.becauseB.butC.whomD.Though()23.IhadbeentoXi’anlong______youvisitedit.A.beforeB.tillC.afterD.when()24._______,heisgoodatdrawing.A.TobeachildB.AchildasheisC.AsachildD.Childasheis
()25.Don’tloseheart___youhavefailedtheexam.A.whetherB.asifC.evenifD.however()26.Wecangettotheairportontime_____thereisn’tanytrafficjam（堵塞）.
A.whileB.aslongasC.sothatD.evenif()27.Thepencilboxontheleftis______thantheoneontheright,andnot_____.A.morenicer；soexpensiveB.muchmorebetter；asexpensive
C.nicer；asexpensiveD.better；suchexpensive()28.Itwasn’tlong______shejoinedthearmy.A.thatB.beforeC.untilD.and()29.Thesenewplanescanfly__thantheoldones.A.asfastthreetimesB.threetimesasfastC.threetimesfastD.threetimesfaster()30._______hadthebellrung______thestudentswentintotheclassroom.
A.Hardly；whenB.Nosooner；whenC.Hardly；thanD.Nosooner；then()31.______youhavecome,let’sstayandenjoyit.A.ForB.AsC.BecauseD.Since()32.You’dbetterdo_____youareasked.A.likeB.whichC.thatD.as()33.______thatnoneofuscouldfollowher.A.ShespokeveryfastB.SofastshespokeC.ToofastshespokeD.Sofastdidshespeak()34.I’llsetoffearly,______itmaybedarkwhenIgetthere.
A.howeverB.whetherC.ifD.otherwise()35._____thebabyfellasleep______theroom.A.After；didthemotherleaveB.Notuntil；didthemotherleaveC.Notuntil；themotherleftD.Soonafter；themotherhadleft
()36.Lilycan’thavegoneout,__thelightisstillon.A.andB.butC.beforeD.for()37.Iwaswalkingalongthebank_____Iheardacryfromtheriver.
A.whileB.sinceC.whenD.as()38.Weshouldn’tdothechemistryexperiment________theteacheriswithas.
A.ifnotB.ifC.unlessD.aslongas()39.Shehas____littleeducation_____sheisunabletofindajob.
A.such；thatB.so；andC.so；thatD.such；and()40.Iwillgo______ourmotherlandneedsmemostaftergraduation.
A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.what()41.Doyouknowtheboy______motherisanactress?
A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.that()42.Canyoutellmethereason______youalwayscometoschoollate?
A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that()43.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho______thechancetogototheUSA.
A.haveB.getC.getsD.grasp()44.Iamlookingforaquietplacein______IcanstudyEnglish.
A.whereB.whichC.thatD.who()45.Doyoustillrememberthedays______weplayedhideandseekgamestogether?
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.why()46.All______shouldcomehavecome.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whose()47.Tomgotthefirstplaceinthecompetition,_____madeothersunhappy.
A.whoB.thatC.whichD.what()48.Thesituation______hehastofaceisveryserious.
A.whereB.whomC.whichD.why()49.Itisforthethirdtime______hehascometoschoollate.
A.whenB.whoC.thatD.which()50.Itisthetallestbuilding_____Ihaveeverseeninmylife.
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.whom
【质量标准控制考试满分过关】以上50小题中，做错的题目有：
____________________________________；解决日期是：________________________；解决途径：__________________________；感谢恩人：__________________________.1—5:BCCAC