越来越多的年轻人都喜欢以旅游的方式度假的想法,假如我万一考砸了我是否还有资格补考一次,请提醒大家明天的排球比赛延期了,世界经济联系日益频繁商业往来日益紧密这主要归因于现代通讯系。
汉英句子翻译
1.越来越多的年轻人都喜欢以旅游的方式度假的想法
Moreandmoreyoungpeoplenowfavortheideaofspendingtheirholidaystravelling.
2.我仍然更喜欢让父母年老的时候和我们在一起
Iamstillinfavorofhavingmyparentslivewithusintheiroldage.
3.没有事实证明这种说法:只有使用某种方法,一个人几个星期
或几个月就能学会一门外语
Nofactshaveeverborneouttheclaimthatwithsomemethodsonecanlearnaforeignlanguageinweeksormonths
4.今天所有国有企业都必须自己承担亏损
Todayallstate-ownedenterprisesmustbeartheirresponsibilitiesfortheirlosses.
5.他做出这种事来肯定是发疯了。你怎么能忍受这样的侮辱呢?Hemustbeoutofhismindtodothat.Howcanyoubearsuchainsult?
6.我当年曾经去过世界各个地方,但是现在年老了,我觉得“金
窝银窝,不如自家的狗窝”。
Ihavebeentomanyinterestingplacesintheworldinmyday.ButnowthatIamold,Istillfeelthat“EastandWest,Homeisbest“。
7.如果你保持这些坏习惯,你就得冒失去健康的危险
Ifyousticktothesebadhabits,youwillrisklosingyourhealth.
8.老有别人告诉我应该如何过我的个人生活,我实在受不了啦。I’mstickandtiredofbeingtoldwhattodowithmypersonallife.
9.假如我万一考砸了,我是否还有资格补考一次?
IfIshouldfail,amIentitledtoamakeupexam?
10.在那种压力下,他仍然有勇气坚持自己的理论
Underthosepressureshestillhadthecouragetosticktohistheory.
11.那把椅子上有跟钉子伸出来,把我最喜欢的裤子撕破了。
Therewasanailstickingoutofthatchair.Ittoremyfavoritepants.
12.我们不能违冒反知识产权保护法的危险
Wemustnotruntheriskofviolatingintellectualpropertyrights
13.我们实在受不了看着周围那么多垃圾,所以我们决定自己把它
清理掉
Wecan’tbearseeingallthisgarbagearound.Sowehavedecidedtocleanitupourselves.
14.把这句座右铭贴到墙上大家看得见的地方
Stickthismottoonthewallwherewecanallsee.
15.以巴冲突中仍然存在的一个问题是耶路撒冷问题
OneoftheissuesthatremaininquestionintheconflictbetweenIsraelandPalestineistheissueofJerusalem.
16.这使我想起了1958年我们再自己后院土炉里怎样炼钢的情况Itremindedmeofhowwealltriedtomakesteelinourbackyardstovesin1958.
17.他也许忘记了。我应该提醒他参加这个会议的
Hemayhaveforgotten.Ishouldhaveremindedhimtoattendthismeeting.
18.请提醒大家,明天的排球比赛延期了
Pleaseremindeverybodythattomorrow’svolleyballmatchhasbeenputoff.
汉英句子翻译
1.世界经济联系日益频繁,商业往来日益紧密,这主要归因于现代通讯系
统和运输系统的飞速发展使经济一体化成为可能。
Theincreasinglyfrequentassociationoftheworldeconomyandtheclosercommercialcontactaremainlyattributabletotherapiddevelopmentofmoderncommunicationandtransportsystems,whichhavemadetheintegrationofworldeconomypossible.
2.夜幕垂垂的下来时,大小船上都点起灯火。从两种玻璃里映出那辐射着
的黄黄的散光,反晕出一片朦胧的烟霭;透过这烟霭,在黯黯的水波里,又逗起缕缕的明漪。
Whennightfallsandlanternsonalltheboatsarelit,thesoft,yellowlightpiercingtwolayersofglashedsavasthaloofhazeandcastsshimmeringstripesonthedim,ripplingwater.
雄伟壮观的长城是中华民族创造的最宏伟的工程奇迹,她像一条巨龙,飞舞于广袤的平原,绵亘于群山峻岭,显示着中华民族的智慧和力量。ThegrandandspectacularGreatWallisthemostmagnificentconstructionmiraclecreatedbytheChinesepeople.Itwindsitswaylikeahugedragonthroughthevastplainsandtheundulatingmountains,showingthewisdomandstrengthoftheChinesepeople.
3.像美国这样拥有高技术劳工和肥沃耕地的国家,它的相对优势就表现在
制造计算机、飞机和科技设备等高科技含量的产品及种植小麦、玉米和大豆等土地密集型农产品上。
ThecomparativeadvantageoftheUnitedStates,acountrywithahighlyskilledlaborforceandanabundanceoffertilefarmland,liesintheproductionofhigh-technologymanufacturingproducts(computers,aircraft,andscientificinstruments,forexample)andland-intensiveagriculturalprodicts(wheat,corn,andsoybeans).
4.艺花可以邀蝶,雷石可以邀云,栽松可以邀风,贮水可以邀萍,筑台可
以邀月,种蕉可以邀雨,植柳可以邀蝉。
Plantingflowersservestoinvitebutterflies,pilinguprocksservestoinvitetheclouds,plantingpinetreesservestoinvitethewind,keepingareservoirofwaterservestoinviteduck-week,buildingaterraceservestoinvitethemoon,plantingbananatreesservestoinvitetherain,andplantingwillowtreesservestoinvitethecicadas.
5.登上骊山,举目北望,渭水如带,阡陌纵横;俯视山麓,林木葱郁,殿
宇辉煌,亭台楼阁,池水廊桥交相辉映。犹如一幅美丽的织锦彩绣展现在你面前。
Lookingnorthfromthemountaintop,theWeiRiverinthedistanceislikeabelt,runningthroughavastexpanseoffieldswithcrisscrofootpath;lookingdownatthefootofthehill,theverdanttrees,splendidtemples,andpavilions,pools,bridgesandcorridorsnearbyaddradianceandbeautytoeachother,likearollofcolorfulbrocadeembroideryunfoldingbeforeone’seyes.
6.他们一同在一处院落里的台阶上坐下来。从那里可以望见一个小小的庭
院,蓬生着杂草和野树,碧绿的小池畔不时送来几声蛙鸣
Theysatsomedistanceapartontheterracedstepsoftheinnermostcourtyardoverlookingalittergardenwhichhadrunwildandagreenpondwherefrogscroakedfromtimetotime.
7.这样,我就开始准备写“中国的词”的论文。其实,同年在家里我喜欢读
词读赋,但对于词,我并没有好好研究过。
Ibegantoprepareformydissertationon“Chineseci”,asubjectofwhichIhadnevermadeathoroughstudybeforethoughIlikedtoreadthiskindofpoetryinmychildhood.
8.昨奉大函,诵悉一是。尊稿极佳;唯篇幅甚长,本志地位有限,故不克
刊登,良用歉然。
Ireceivedyourletteryesterday.Yourarticleisverygood,butIamsorrythatowingtopressureofspace,Ifindittoolongtobepublished.
Thankyouforsubmittingyourmanuscriptyesterday.Whileitisagoodarticle,Idon’tfeelstronglyenoughtoconsiderpublishsuchalongone.Idohopeyoufindahomeforit.
9.少年是一去不复返的,等到精力衰时,要做学问也来不及了。
Youthwillsoonbegonenevertoreturn.Anditwillbetoolateforyoutogointoscholarshipwheninyourdecliningyears.
10.许多大型工程项目承包的暗箱操作,国企专制中的投机现象,以及权力
掌控下国有资产的大量流失,使得这部分人的财富以几何级数增长。Whiletheirpersonalwealthhasgrownexponentially,theprevalenceofunder-the-counteroperationsinprojectcontracting,speculationintherestructuringofSOEsandmanyotherillegalpracticesundertheshieldofpowerhascausedenormouslossesinpublicassets.
作为一座国际大都市,上海的国际航班可直达曼谷、首尔、大阪、长崎、广岛、布鲁塞尔、法兰克福、、旧金山、多伦多、温哥华等20多座城市。Asaninternationalmetropolis,shanghaiprovidesdirectflightstoover20citiesintheworld,suchasBangkok,Singapore,HongKong,Seoul,Tokyo,Osaka,Nagasaki,Hiroshima,BrusselsFrankfurt,NewYork,losAngeles,SanFrancisco,Chicago,Toronto,VancouverandSydney.Bangkok,Seoul,Osaka,Nagasaki,Hiroshima,Brussels,Frankfurt,,SanFrancisco,Toronto,Vancouver.
11.但天然林停伐与退耕还林具有长远的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益,
现在实现这两大工程条件已成熟。
Nevertheless,thecampaignofdeforestationprohibitionandrestorationofthereclaimedlandtoforestwillbringaboutfar-reachingecological,economicandsocialbenefitsandnowtheregionsarewell-preparedforitsimplementation.
12.书是我青春期的恋人,中年知己,暮年的伴侣,有了它,我就不再忧愁
寂寞,不再怕人情冷暖,世态炎凉。它使我成为精神世界的富翁。我真的是“不可一日无此君”。
Booksaremysweetheartsinmyyouth,mybosomfriendsinmymiddleage,andmycompanionsinmydecliningyears,accompaniedbybooks,Ineverfeellonely,norfearsocialsnobberyorfickleneofthewould,theyhavemademearichmanofmanintheinnerworld.Icannotdowithoutthemevenforasingleday.
13.中国庙宇的墙上经常绘有八卦、阴阳的象征和太极的图案。
TheEightTrigrams,theyin-yangsymbolandtheTaiji(anegg-likesymboloftwofishplacedheadtotail)areoftendepictedonwallsofChinesetemple.
14.当前,国有经济战线太长,重复建设严重,布局过于分散,企业规模偏
小,素质较差,这是造成国有企业经营困难,高收入、低产出,高消耗、低收益的重要原因。Wideindustrialdistribution,duplicatedconstruction,smallsizeofindividualbusinesses,andpoorqualityaremajorfactorscausingoperationaldifficultiesinSOEs,suchashighinputandlowoutput,andhighconsumptionandlowefficiency.
Atpresent,thestrengthofthestate-ownedsectorisspreadtoothin.Moreover,itishauntedbysuchproblemsasrepeatedconstruction,excessivelyscattereddistributionofindustry,smallscaleoftheenterprisesandpoorproductquality.Theseproblemscausemanydifficultiesforthemanagementofstate-ownedenterprises,suchashighinput,lowoutput,highconsumptionofenergyandotherresourcesandlowefficiency
故天将降大任于是人也:必先苦其心志,劳其筋骨,饿其体肤,空乏其身,行拂乱其所为。所以动心忍性,曾益其所不能。
SoifGodwouldgiveanimportanttasktoacertainperson,thefirstthingshedoesaretotemperhiswillpower,fatiguehismusclesandbones,starvehisstomachanddestitutehisbody.Godwouldnotmakeanykindofhisactionsatisfactoryashewishesinordertoshockhisheart,makehistemperamentpersistantanddauntless,and?increasehisability.
15.高层建筑虽然被看成是城市化的不可避免的结果,也看成是现代文明的
象征,但已引起了社会上的关注,因为它们带来一系列的环境方面和交通方面的问题,也带来受地震或火灾毁坏的潜在危险。
High-risebuildings,althoughseenastheinevitableresultofurbanizationandthesymbolsofmoderncivilization,haveraisedpublicconcern,becausetheybringwiththemaseriesofenvironmentalandtrafficproblemsaswellaspotentialdangerofdamagefromearthquakesandfires.
16.四十岁的女人有什么可伤感的呢?可以不再为嗷嗷待哺的婴儿牵肠挂肚,
爱情之舟大多已驶入宁静的港湾。四十岁的女人也积累了相当的工作经验,事业上一样叱诧风云,游刃有余。Whatistheretosaddenawomanofforty?Therearenomoresucklingbabiesinneedofconstantcare,andinmostcaseslove'sboatshassailedintoacalm,tranquilharbor.Richlyexperiencedandmorethanequaltoherwork,sheisbuildingabrilliantcareer.
17.亚洲是最大的洲,在地理上变化最多,其地貌包括巨大的、由沙漠覆盖
着的高原,也包括像喜马拉雅山这样的高山,而喜马拉雅山上的珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰。
Asia,thelargestcontinent,isthemostgeographicallydiverse,itslandforms
includinglargedesert-coveredplateausandsuchhighmountainsastheHimalayas,whoseMt.Qomolangmaisthetallestintheworld.
18.他们受过专门训练,能把废话说得娓娓动呀,似乎胸中颇有经纬,实则
多半是绣花枕头草肚皮。Intermsofprofessions,diplomatsareprobablythegreatestpurveyorsofverbiage,buttheyhavereceivedprofessionaltrainingandcanmaketheirprolixityquiteabsorbing:theygavetheimpressionsofhavingeverythingworkedout,whereasinfactitisacaseof“embroideredpillowcasebutstrawstuffing”
19.赛龙舟、放风筝、扭秧歌、围棋、气功和太极拳是深受汉族和各少数民
族喜爱的传统运动项目。
Dragonboatrace,flyingkites,Yanggedance,I-go,QigongandShadowboxingaretraditionalsportslovedbyallminorities.
Dragon-boatracing,kiteflying,yanggedancing,weiqi,qigongandtaijiquanaretraditionalsportspopularamongbothHanpeopleandthepeopleofethnicminorities.
20.“读书就是挣大钱娶美女”的看法无疑并无任何新鲜之处,它无非是古
话“书中自有黄金屋,书中自有颜如玉”的现代直译。
Theviewthatthepurposeofstudyistoearnlotsofmoneyandmarryabeautyisnothingmorethananinterpretationoftheoldsaying“throughstudy,onecanfindagoldhouseandabeautifulwoman.”
21.赵老先生现在已经开始编织他的第二张书法壁毯:中国北宋名将岳飞的
词——《满江红》,原稿是用行书写的。在此之前,他编织了用隶书书写的中国宋代诗人范仲淹的文章——《岳阳楼记》。
Zhaoisnowweavinghissecond“calligraphytapestry”,heisweavingintohistapestryaversebyYueFei,ageneralintheNorthernSongDynasty.HehasfinishedweavingintohisfirstcalligraphytapestryaprosebyFanZhongyan,arenownedpoetandstatesmanintheNorthernSongDynasty.
22.古往今来,旅游一直是人们增长知识、丰富阅历、强健体魄的美好追求,
比如在我国古代,先哲们就提出了“观国之光”的思想,主张“读万卷书,行万里路”,游历名山大川。承天地之灵气,偕山水之精华。
Fromancienttimestillnow,tourismhasrepresentedpeople’shappywishformoreknowledge,variedexperienceandgoodhealth.ASancientChinesesagesbelievedintheideathat“appreciatingthelandscapethroughsightseeing“andadvisedpeopleto“traveltenthousandliandreadtenthousandbooks”,findpleasureinenrichingthemselvesmentallyandphysicallythroughtravelingoverfamousmountainandrivers.
23.中国是世界四大文明古国之一,地大物博,拥有茂密的森林,壮丽的山
河,如利剑直插云霄的高峰,雄伟壮丽的瀑布,秀丽的湖泊及富有中华文化光辉的名胜古迹,令世界各国人民神往。
China,
oneofthefourcountriesintheworldwiththeoldestcivilization,withvastterritoryandabundantresources,withdenseforestsandmajesticriversandmountainswherepeakspiercethecloudslikesomanygargantuanswords,withmagnificentwaterfallsandbeautifullakes,withhistoricalremainsunderlininghergloriouspast,doesattracttouristsfromallpartsoftheworld.
24.重温仓促来去的日子,那成熟之前的天真幼稚印象最深:爱、被爱、错失、
落叶般瑟缩的痛苦以及繁硕如花枝招展的欢乐,样样都是第一次,都曾在空白的履历上留下无可涂改的痕迹,也都具备着他物难以替代的价值。Lookingbackonquickly-elapsedyears,wemayfindthattheperiodofinnocenceandnaivetyseemstohavegivenusthedeepestimpression:lovingandbeinglovedthefirsttime,lettingthefirstchanceslipby,unprecedentedlysorrowfulfeelingslikefallenleaveswitheringfastandthefirsttime-experiencedecstaticjoyslikeflowersinfullblossom.Allthesehaveleftinerasablemarksonourpathoflifeandhavedemonstratedtheirworthofbeingirreplaceable.
2、Inretrospect,wefindthatthemostimpressiveofourlifealloccurredwhenwewereimmature.Wewerethrilledtoexperiencethefirstlove,firstlost,firstshrinkingtraumaandfirstheartilylaughter,allsuchepisodeshaveleftinerasableandinvaluabletracesonourhistory.
25.书是我的良友。它给我一把金钥匙,诱导我打开浅短的视界、愚昧的头
脑、闭塞的心灵,它从不吝惜对我帮助。
Booksaremygoodfriends.Theyhaveofferedmeagoldenkeytobroadeningmyhorizonsandriddingmyselfofstupidityandignorance,theysparenoeffortstohelpme.
1.陶尽门前土,屋上无片瓦;十指不沾泥,鳞鳞居大厦。
Thoughthepotterhasuseduptheclaybeforehisdoor,Hehasnotasingletileforaroofofhisown.
Therichneversoiltheirfingerswithmud,
Yettheyallliveinrichly-tiledmansions.
2.红豆生南国,春来发几枝。愿君多采撷,此物最相思。
Redberriesgrowinsouthernland.
Howmanyloadinspringthetrees!
Gatherthemtillfullisyourhand;
Theywouldrevivefondmemories.
4.绿蚁新醅酒,红泥小火炉。晚来天欲雪,能饮一杯无?
Mynewbrewgivesgreenglow;
Myredclaystoveflamesup.
Atduskitthreatenssnow.
Won’tyoucomeforacup?
26.
汉英句子翻译
汉英句子翻译基本原理及主要方法
一.句子处理:
刚接触汉英翻译的人,最担心的往往是哪个字不会说,于是查汉英词典成为翻译的不二法门。而在难词查询完毕之后,便依据原文语序进行翻译。实际情况是,即使一个生字也没有,如果句子组织不好,也无法达到翻译的目的。有经验的汉英译者往往对句子处理的基本原则和方法一般都能做到心中有数,即从宏观上把握翻译的方向,对宏观图景有一定的预见。
汉英句子的基本原理
1.结构差异:连接方式不同,汉语隐形,即连接词很少出现或不出现,这体现为意合;英语显性,即连接词出现,体现为形合.
组句方式:
汉语:动词多,短句多,常按时间顺序或前因后果的逻辑关系排列,呈链状;
英语:常按句内主次从属关系排列,在句子主体上添加修饰语以及限定语,形成严谨的树状结构。
结构差异带来的启示:
(1).正确判断句子之间的关系,补充连接手段,实现显性连接。
例句在这一年半中,她抄写、背写英语单词的纸,累起来可达桌子高。思路:SVO=纸+达到+桌子高。
问题:累起来怎么处理?
Inthatyearandahalf,thepaperonwhichshehadcopiedEnglishwordsorwrittenthemdownfrommemory,ifstackedup,couldreachthetablefromthefloor.
(2).掌握内在联系正确断句
我们的班主任姓王,五十开外,方脸,一脸的胡子。
Mr.Wang,theheadteacherresponsibleforourclass,wasoverfifty.Hehadasquare-shapedfacewithafullbeard.
(3).正确安排句子基本框架,主次清楚,符合原意。
原文:大家都记得1979年秋天,当这个总共只念过八年书、连英文字母也认不全,而且已有三个孩子的女工,竟然报名上电大英语班时,
招来了多少惊讶的目光。
Theyrememberhowmanyastonishedlookswerecastatherintheautumnof1979,whenthiswomanworkerwithonly8yearsschooling,littleacquaintancewiththeEnglishalphabetandthreechildrentolookafter,actuallyenrolledintheEnglishclaofferedbythelocalTVuniversity.
二.语篇意识:语篇意识是指把整个语篇视为一个整体,注重其内在连贯性(coherence),也就是注重文章思路和逻辑,注意上下文联系。连贯性是通过Cohesion来实现的,就是把上下文联系起来的那些词汇和语法手段,如连词、代词、指示词以及起连接作用的短语和句式等。如果缺乏整体观,翻译中只会盯住一个个孤立的句子,译出来的句子语法正确,但上下文无法串联或明显累赘,头绪混乱,看不出来龙去脉。
举例1:外高桥保税区是中国大陆第一个自由贸易区,她是以出口加工和自由贸易相结合的一个综合型对外开放区域。位于浦东新区东北端,濒临长江口,距市中心20公里。
直译:WaigaoqiaoBondedArea,situatedatthenortheastendofPudongNewArea,borderingon
theestuaryoftheChangjiangRiver,andfromtheBondedArea,cityproperbeing20km.,isthefirstfreetradeareaintheMainlandofChina,whichisacomprehensiveopenareacombiningexportprocessingwithfreetrade.
改译:ShanghaiWaigaoqiaoFreeTradeZoneisthefirstofitskindonChina’smainland,orratheracomprehensivefreetradezoneopentotheoutsideworldcharacterizedbyfreetradealongwithexportprocessing.OverlookingtheYangtzeRiverestuary,thezoneislocatedinthenortheastendofthePudongNewAreaofShanghai,20kilometersfromthedowntowndistrictofthecityproper.举例2:离开道路数十丈处有座大屋,屋檐下站着一个中年文士,一个十一二岁的小孩。那文士见到这等情景,不禁长叹一声,眼眶也红了,说道:“可怜,可怜1
Undertheeavesofalargehouse,somehundredyardsfromtheroad,amiddle-agedscholarwasstandingwithaten-oreleven-year-oldboyathisside.Hewasevidentlyaffectedbythislittlescene,foragroanescapedhislipsandheappearedtobeveryclosetotears.Poorcreatures!hemurmuredtohimself.
举例3:我常常遗憾我家门前的那块丑石呢:它黑黝黝地卧在那里,牛似的模样;谁也不知道是什么时候留在这里的,谁也不去理会它。只是麦收时节,门前摊了麦子,奶奶总是要说:这块丑石,多碍地面哟,多时把它搬走吧。
直译:Iusedtobesorryfortheuglystoneinfrontofourdoor.Itisblackandlookslikeanox.Nobodyknewwhenitwasleftthereandpaidanyattentiontoit.Onlywhentheseasonforharvestingwheatarrivedandthegrainsofthewheatwerespreadoverthegroundbeyondthedoor,wouldmygrandmaalwayssay:“lookatthisuglystone!Ittakessomuchspace.Andsomedayitwillbemovedaway.”
改译:Iusedtofeelsorryforthatuglyblackpieceofstonelyinglikeanoxinfrontofourdoor;noneknewwhenitwasleftthereandnonepaidanyattentiontoit,exceptatthetimewhenwheatwasharvestedandmygrandma,seeingthegrainsofwheatspreadalloverthegroundinthefrontyardofthehouse,wouldgrumble:“Thisuglystonetakessomuchspace.Moveitawaysomeday.”
三.信息焦点:找准主语英语主谓宾的基本结构
英语主语的构成:名词;动名词;不定式;形式主语
例一:看到这惨状,大家立即陷入了恐慌。
1.Onseeingthismiserablescene,peoplegotpanic-strickenverysoon.
2.Atthesightofthismiserablescene,peoplewasseizedwithpanic/overwhelmedbypanic/greatterror,orpeoplewerethrowninpanic.
3.Thesightofthismiserablescenethrewpeopleinpanic.
例2:1953年,英美两国计划对中国援朝部队使用原子弹,并准备用核武器进攻中国。当这个消息由第三国外交官转告北京时,新中国的领导人深感忧虑,立即作出了建立和发展原子弹和导弹事业的决定。
In1953,AmericaandEnglandplannedtouseatomicbombsagainstChineseaidingtroopsinKoreaandtoattackChinawithnuclearweapons.WhenthenewswastransferredtoBeijingfromdiplomaticsourcesofathirdcountry,theleadersofnewChinafeltdeeplyworriedandimmediatelydecidedtosetupanddevelopatomicbombandmissilecause.
顺句推动法:In1953,AmericaandEnglandplannedtouseatomicbombsagainst
ChineseaidingtroopsinKoreaandtoattackChinawithnuclearweapons.WhenthenewswastransferredtoBeijingfromdiplomaticsourcesofathirdcountry,theleadersofnewChinafeltdeeplyworriedandimmediatelydecidedtosetupanddevelopatomicbombandmissilecause.
活译法:In1953,whentheylearnedfromdiplomaticsourcesofathirdcountrythattheUnitedStatesandBritainwerepreparedtoattackmainlandChinaandtheChinesetroopsinKoreawithnuclearweapons,theleadersofnewChina,deeplyconcerned,decidedthatChinamustdevelopitsownatomicbombsandmissiles.
四.句子平衡:分清主次.吃透下面几种结构,英语句子结构就不会乱了。
独立主格结构
1.n.+presentparticiplephrase
到处都可以看见人们穿着节日服装,满脸笑容。
Everywhereyoucanseepeopleintheirholidaydresses,theirfacesshiningwithsmiles.天气要是合适的话,我们明天要到西山去玩。
Weatherpermitting,wellgoonanexcursiontotheWesternHilltomorrow.
2.n.+pastparticiplephrase
他脸朝天,头枕着手躺着。
Helayonhisback,hisfaceupandhishandscrossedunderhishead.
他做完作业后回家去了。
Hisworkdone,hewenthome.
Afterhisworkhadbeendone,hewenthome.
3.n.+adjectivephrase
他鼻子冻得通红地走进房来。
Hecameintomyroom,hisnoseredwithcold.
老头坐了下来,由于痛苦脸色发白,两颊上还带有泪痕。
Theoldmansatdown,hisfacepalewithpainandtracesoftearsonhischeeks.
4.n.+adverbialphrase
她伸出双手,掌心向上。
Sheputoutherhands,palmsup.
他袜子穿反了。
Heputonhissocks,wrongsideout.
5.n.+n.
数以千计的船民被淹死,其中许多是小孩。
Thousandsofboatpeopleweredrowned,manyofthemchildren.
他的第一个剧本成功后,又写了另一个剧本。
Hisfirstplayasuccess,hewroteanother.
6.n.+infinitive
来客也不少,有送行的,有拿东西的,有送行兼拿东西的。
Wealsohadquiteahostofvisitors,sometoseeusoff,sometofetchthings,andsometodoboth.他为这家杂志写了两篇稿子,一篇即将本期发表,另一篇将在下期刊载。
Hehascontributedtwoarticlestothejournal,onetobepublishedinthisissue,theothertocomeoutinthenext.
7.n.+prepositionalphrase
他们欢快地一手拿着鞭子,一手扯着缰绳,催马向前。
Injollyspirits,theyurgedthehorseson,whipinonehandandreinsintheother.
他端着枪,走进那间黑屋子。
Heenteredthedarkroom,guninhand.
过去分词短语
错误与挫折教训了我们,使我们变得聪明起来,我们的事情就办得好一些。
Taughtbymistakesandsetbacks,wehavebecomewiserandhandleourproblemsbetter.我一直坐到十一点多钟,全神贯注地看着一本小说。
Isatuntileleven,absorbed/immersedinafiction.
形容词短语
周总理是那样谦逊、随和、易于接近,使大家很快就不紧张了。
Modest,unassuming,easytoapproach,PremierZhousoonputeveryonetherecompletelyatease.这些艺术品丰富多彩,栩栩如生,而且别出心裁,具有鲜明的民族特色和地方色彩。
Colorful,lifelikeandoriginal,theseworksofarthad/assumeddistinctivenationalandlocalcharacteristics.
名词短语
他是一位天才的语言学家,同样精通法、德、英等多种语言。
Agiftedlinguist,hewasequallyathomeinFrench,GermanandEnglish.
中国是个发展中国家,属于第三世界。
Adevelopingcountry,ChinabelongstotheThirdWorld.
不定式
如果听到他讲英语,人们会以为他是英国人。
TohearhimspeakEnglish,onewouldtakehimforanEnglishman.
有一天内孙先生在城里不见了,以后再没有人看到他。
OnedayMr.Nelsondisappearedfromthetown,nevertobeseenagain.
Co-operativePhrase(相当于一个条件状语从句)
运动会风雨无阻,照常进行。
Thesportsmeetingwillbeheld,rainorshine.
不管成功与否,我要试一下。
Sinkorswim,Illtryit.
解释性或描述性短语
他的妻子料理一切大大小小的事务。
Hiswifemanagesallaffairs,bigandsmall.
他光头赤脚,气喘吁吁地冲进房来。
Hedashedintomyroom,hatless,barefootedandoutofbreath.
延续否定
周围没有村庄,甚至连一颗可供遮蔽的大树也没有。
Therearenovillagesaround,norevenabigtreetotakeshelterunder.中国不做超级大国,现在不做,将来也不做。
Chinawillnotbeasuperpower,noteithertodayoreveninthefuture.