主语动词宾语宾语补足语宾语,主语及物动词宾语主语及物动词宾语,主谓宾结构主语及物动词宾语,常见错误分析动词及其短语在作句子的主语时只能使用其或的形式,动词及其短语在作句子的主语或宾语时只能使用其或的形
句子成分和句子结构答案
KEYS
分析下列句子成分
1.主语+系动词+表语3.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语宾语
5.主语+及物动词+宾语宾语补足语+宾语
7.主语+及物动词+宾语
9.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语宾语
11.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语13.主语+及物动词+宾语足语
15.主语+系动词+表语足语
17.主语+系动词+表语宾语
19.主语+不及物动词21.主语+系动词+表语
23.主语+及物动词+宾语25.主语+及物动词+宾语
27.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语宾语
29.主语+及物动词+宾语足语
翻译练习:
主谓结构(主语+不及物动词)
1Youshouldstudyhard.
2Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.3Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal.4Themeetingwilllasttwohours.
2.主语+系动词+表语4.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接6.主语+动词+形式宾语it+8.主语+系动词+表语
10.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接12主语+及物动词+宾语
14.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补16.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补18.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接20.主语+不及物动词
22.主语+系动词+表语
24.主语+不及物动词26.主语+不及物动词
28.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接30.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补
5Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.6Thingsofthatsortarehappeningallovertheworldeveryday.7TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.8Classesbeginateighteveryday.9Thisboxweighsfivekilos.
10IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.
主谓宾结构(主语+及物动词+宾语)
1.Iwrotealetterlastnight.
2.Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.3.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.
4.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.
5.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.6.Thatgentlemencanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.7.IreceivedaletterfrommypenfriendinAustralia.8.Jimcannotdrehimself.
9.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.10.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.
主系表结构(主语+系动词+主语补语)
1Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.2Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.3MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.4Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.5Children,keepquietplease.6ThisbookisaboutthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.7Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.8Heisoutofwork.9Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.10Thereportsoundsinteresting.
双宾语结构(主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)
1MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.
2Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.3Maryhandedthewallettotheschoolmaster.4Wouldyoupleasepamethedictionary?5Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.
6ThistermIhavewrittenthreeletterstomyparents.7Myfatherhasboughtmeanewbike.8RobinsonCrusoemadehimselfaboat.
9Willyoupleasegetmeanewcopy?
10ShallIcallyouataxi?
复合宾语结构(主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语)
1WecallherAlice.2HisparentsnamedhimJohn.
3Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4Theypushedthedooropen.
5Theyhavesetthethieffree.6Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.7Heaskedustojoininthegame.8Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.
9Theguardsorderedustoleaveatonce.10TomorrowI’llhavesomeonerepairthemachine.
11EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.12Thepainmadehimcryout.13Wewon’tlethergooutatnight.14Hehashishaircutonceamonth.
15I’llgetmyrecordermended.16Theterriblesoundmadethechildrenfrightened.17Sheislisteningtosomeonetellingstories.18heboyswerewatchingthesoldiersdrilling.
19Ihaveneverseenthewordusedthatwaybefore.20Hefeltitverydifficulttotalkwithyou.21Ithinkitmorecomfortabletogotherebyship.
22Iconsideritpossibletoworkouttheprobleminanotherway.
23Theschoolmadeitarulethatthestudentsshouldstandupwhenclabegins.
24Ithoughtitnousetalkingwiththatman
Therebe句型
1Thereisn’tgoingtobeameetingtonight.
2Therewasonlyawellinthevillage.
3Thereis(are)ateacherofmusicandateacherofartintheschool.
4AmongthegueststhereweretwoAmericansandtwoFrenchmen.
5Theweathermansaysthere’llbeastrongwindintheafternoon.6
6Thelightison.Theremustbesomeoneiontheoffice.
7Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.
8Therehappenedtobenobodyintheroom.
9Once,therelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.
10Therecomesthebus.
11Thereremainedjusttwenty-eightdollars.
12Infrontofthecave,therestands(grows)atallpinetree.
13Theregoesthebell.
14Therearetwenty-eightdaysinFebruary
句子成分和句子结构讲解无答案
句子成分
一.主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。请找出下列句子的主语并指出什么(词,短语或句子)可以充当主语。Thesunrisesintheeast.Helikesdancing.
Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Whatheneedsisabook.
Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.常见错误分析2:动词及其短语在作句子的主语时,只能使用其todo或doing的形式。其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作,-ing强调经常发生的动作。
改错:1.playcomputergamesdoesnogoodtous.2.Haveawalkinthestreetisherhobby.3.Gohomeatonceishisdecision
4.Makemorefriendswilldogoodtous.5.Imlikecomputerverymuch.
6.Thestorywashappeningtheyearbeforelast.二.宾语:
1.动作的承受者-----动宾
请找出下列句子的宾语并指出什么可以充当宾语。IlikeChina.Hehatesyou.
Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Ihopetoseeyouagain.
Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?
2.介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake/me/fighting?3.双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)Hegavemeabookyesterday.常见错误分析
1:介词后跟宾语时,必须为:名词、代词、ing或wh型的连接词引导的从句。
改错:①Iamfondofplaybasketball.②Hescrazyaboutreadstorybooks.③Iamsorryforlate.
④Ifeltterriblysadforabsentfromclass.2:动词及其短语在作句子的主语或宾语时,只能使用其todo或doing的形式。其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作,-ing强调经常发生的动作。
改错:①Ienjoymakefriendswitheveryone.②Hewantedgohomeatonce.
三.表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词之后。
英语中常见的系动词及其分类。
①状态系动词:用来表示主语状态:即be。常译为是
②持续系动词:用来表示主语的继续或保持某种状况或态度,主要包括remain、keep、stay、lie、stand、exist等。保持,依然是Ihopeyouwillkeepfit.Wecanremainfriends.Pleasestayseated③变化系动词:用来表示主语变成什么样,主要包括:become、grow、turn、get、fall、go、come、run等。常译为变得Hewentmad.
Hishairturnedgrey.Ifellill.
④结果系动词:表示主语对应的结果,主要有:provetobe,turnouttobe。常译为结果是⑤感官系动词:主要有feel、smell、sound、taste,seem、appear、look。
Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.
Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.NowIfeeltired.
请找出下列句子的表语并指出什么可以充当表语。Heisateacher.
Seventy-four!Youdontlookit.Fiveandfiveisten.Heisasleep.Hisfatherisin.
Thepictureisonthewall.
Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.
Towearafloweristosay“Impoor,Icantbuyaring.Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.常见错误分析:
1:动词及其短语在作句子的表语时,需用其非谓语形式,其中todo表将来的主动性动作,doing表正在进行的主动性动作,有时也用作形容词表示主语所具有的特征;done表示被动的已完成的动作。
第1页
选择:
①Myhobbyis__basketball.
A:playB:playingC:toplayD:played②Thedogwasso__inthattoy.
A:interestingB:interestedC:tointerestD:interest③Myplanis__homeimmediately.A:goB:togoC:goneD:going.④Kittywas__ateverythinghesaw.
A:surprisingB:surpriseC:surprisedD:tosurprise⑤Iwas__atmygrades.
A:disappointedB:disappointC:disappointingD:todisappoint2:名词、代词做表语时,其数必须和主语保持一致。改错:①Wearestudent.②Thesearepanda.③Itsbirds.
3:表语常用形容词,而不用其副词形式。改错:
(1)Heissadly.
(2)Heisfriendlytoeveryone.
(3)Thefoodsmellsbadbutittasteswell.
(4)Oneyearlater,heturnedawriter.(a)(5)Astimewenton,hisideawasprovedright.
四.谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征。1:实义动词及其短语作谓语Astitchintimesavesnine.2:情态动词+动词原形作谓语
Thelawcannotmakeallmenequal,buttheyareequalbeforethelaw.
3:助动词+实义动词或系动词(多为动词原形)作谓语Youdbettergonow,oryoullbelatefortheinterview.4:系动词+表语作谓语常见错误分析:
1:系动词+表语(名、代、介、形、副、非谓语……)才能构成完整的谓语。注意谓语一定要有动词的参予来完成。改错。
①Heathomenow.
②Iagainst/fortheplan.③Iinfavorofthisidea.④Thelighton/offthen.⑤Hedeadnow.⑥Ifondofpandas.
⑦HealwaysinterestedinEnglish.⑧Thebookworthreading.⑨Ieagertogetyourhelp.
⑩Thegirldressedinwhitethen.
⑾Myplantodosomeshoppingtoday.⑿Iintoplayingtabletennis.⒀Myaimtoteachyouwell.⒁Tomdevotedtohisjobthen.
2:情态动词和助动词虽有实义,但不能单独做谓语,必须和实义动词或系表结构一起构成复合谓语,尤其表语是形容词、副词、介词、时出现错误最多,处理方式是在表语前添加合适的系动词,多为be的合适形式。
改错:①Youcantlateagain.②Hemayathome.③Hemustawaynow.④Tommaydeadnow.
⑤JohnmustfromtheUSA.
⑥Inmyopinion,hewillwellsoon.⑦Hedidntagainsttheplan.⑧Maohasdeadfor32years.⑨Theydidntthroughtheforest.
五.补足语:用于补充说明其他的句子成分。有主补、和宾补两种,用于补充说明主、宾所处的状态、性质、特征等。宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
请找出下列句子的宾补并指出什么可以充当宾补。1.Hefoundhisnewjobboring.2.ThecalledtheirdaughterMary.
3.Thisplacedherinaverydifficultposition.4.Wewenttoherehousebutfoundherout.5.Whatdoyouadvisemetodo?
6.Wethoughthimtobeanhonestman.
7.Hebelievedthemtohavediscussedtheproblem.8.Hebelievedhertobetellingthetruth.9.Didyounoticehimcomein?10.IsawherchattingwithNancy.
11.Hewatchedthepianocarriedupstairs.
注意1:在这个结构中,可以出现用it作形式上的宾语,把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。在此结构中,宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。
第2页
Hefeltithisdutytomentionthistoher.分析:it是形式宾语,hisduty是宾语补足语,tomentionthistoher是真正的宾语。
Ithinkitbestthatyoushouldstaywithus.分析:it是形式宾语,best是宾语补足语,thatyoushouldstaywithus是真正的宾语。主补:对主语的补充。
Hewaselectedmonitor.
Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.
Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.todo…,doing,-ed作补语的区别。
注意2:-ing作宾补表示正在进行的动作,强调动作的一部分;若宾
语是动作的发出者,用其主动式,若宾语是动作的承受者用其被动式。todo作宾补强调动作的全过程,若宾语是动作的承受者,用其被动式;若宾语是动作的发出者,用其主动式。ed作宾补表示已完成的动作,宾语是动作的承受者。选择:(1)Heraisedhisvoicetomakehimself__.A:hearB:heardC:hearingD:tohear
(2).Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise__on.A:goBgoingCgoneDtogo
(3).Isawhim__nothingatthemeetingfrombeginningtoend.
AsayBsaidCsayingDtosay(4).Thethiefcamein,withhishands__.AtyingBtiedCtieDtotie注意3:有些动词后跟不定式时需省去符号to:watch,observe,see,look,lookat,notice;hear,listento,make,have,let,feel,help可带可不带。
六.定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。请找出下列句子的定语并指出什么可以充当定语。AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.Heisourfriend.
Webelongtothethirdworld.
Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.
Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.TheboysplayingfootballareinCla2.
Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.Ihaveanideatodoitwell.
YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.
注意1:名词作定语时,须用其单数形式,不可用其所有格或复数形
式。在变为复数时,只变被修饰的名词,man或woman作定语时,则两者都变。ashoeshopmensteachers
注意2:在表示只有一人担任的头衔、职务的名词在作句子的表语、同位语、补足语、介词宾语时,不加冠词:常见的名词有:president,captain,monitor,headmaster,head-teacher,head,manager等WeelectedHupresidentofChina.常见错误分析:
1:单个形容词作定语修饰不定代词时,需要后置
2:表语形容词作定语时常后置如:awake、afraid、asleep、ashamed、alike等。
Hewastheonlypersonawakeatthattime.
3:当else作形容词修饰不定代词或疑问代词如:who、what、which等时要后置
Ihavesomethingelsetosay.
4:表示长、宽、高、深等度量的形容词作定语时常后置。Thisisaroomfivemeterswide.5:有些形容词如present、adopted、concerned、absent、opposite等既可前置也可后置,但意义不同:
①presentadj:前置:目前的现在的后置:出席的Whatdoyouthinkofthepresentgovernment?Thepeoplepresentaremostlyfamousscientists.②adoptedadj:前置:收养的.后置:采用的Heisanadoptedson.
Whatsyoursolutionadopted?
③concernedadj:前置:担心的关心的。后置:有关的Thereisaconcernedexpressiononherface.Thepersonsconcernedaretobepunished
④absentadj:前置:心不在焉的。后置:缺席的Jacksatatthedeskinanabsentway.
Theworkersabsentmustmakeupforthemeeting.⑤oppositeadj:前置:相反的。后置:对面的Thebirdflewawayintheoppositedirection.heshopoppositesellsapples.
⑥overseas既是adj又是adv作定语时意义不同
Overseasstudents=studentsfromoverseas外国留学生Studentsoverseas=studentswhoareoverseas出国留学生
⑦responsible前置意为“负责任的”,后置意为负责的,掌管的“。aresponsibleman意为“一位负责任的人”,amanresponsible则
意为“一位负责人”
⑧involved前置意为“复杂的”,后置意为“涉及的,相关的”
thepeopleinvolved意为“所涉及的人”,theinvolvedstory意为“复杂的经历”
七.状语:用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。状语用副词,不用形容词请找出下列句子的状语并指出是什么状语。Iwillgotheretomorrow.
Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.
Hedidntstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.
Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpatheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.常见错误分析:
1:副词作状语时,用以修饰动词、形容词、或句子;形容词作补足语时用来补充说明主、宾所的状态、性质、特征。选择:
①Hefoundthequestiondifficult/difficultly
②Ithinkitimpossible/impossiblyforustodefeatthemphysically.③Heworkedhard/hardlytorealizehisdream.
④Allmadeiteasy/easilyforustoenterakeyuniversity.
⑤Dressedinnothing,theemperorwalkedinthestreetproud/proudly.
⑥Thequestionisgreat/greatlydifferentfromthatone.⑦Thisroomisthesamesize/bigasthatone.
2:分词及不定式作状语时,须贺逻辑主语保持一致,逻辑主语多为句子的主语。
①Inordertomakeourcitygreen___.A:itsnecessarytohaveplantedmoretrees.B:manymoretreesneedtobeplanted.C:ourcityneedsmoretreesD:wemustplantmoretrees.
②___time,hellbecomeawriter.
A:GivenB:GivingC:TogiveD:Havinggiven③WhilewatchingTV,___
A:thedoorbellrangB:thedoorbellrings
C:weheardthedoorbellringD:weheardthedoorbellrings④___asameansoftrafficinchina,thebikeisveryuseful.
A:usedB:usingC:TouseD:use
八、同位语:指两个或两个以上的词语指同一个事物作同一个句子成
分。
请找出下列句子的同位语并指出什么可以充当同位语。Itsmyfriend,John.
Myraherselfhadgotamedalforherworkfortheaged.
Hisolddreamofgoingroundtheworldcameback,butthistimehewouldsail
Thenewsthatwearehavingaholidaytomorrowisnottrue.
九、插入语:是对一句话,某一个词或词组做些附加的解释或说明有时表达说话者的态度和看法;有时起强调作用;有时是为了引起对方的注意;还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用;也可以承上启下,使句子衔接得更紧密一些,通常用逗号与其它成分隔开,且和其他句子成分没有语法上的联系,将它删掉后,句子结构依然完整。请找出下列句子的插入语并指出什么可以充当插入语。Totellyouthetruth,Imnotinterestedinthatmatter.Judgingfromhisclothes,hemaybeanartist.Bytheway,howcanIgettotherailstation?
Donotplant,forexample,riceyearafteryearinthesamefield.Thisis,surely,averygoodbook.
Mostimportantofall,wemustlearntheskills.
Hecantpatheexam,becausehedoesn'tstudyhard.whatsmore,he
isntsoclever.
简单句的五个基本句型:一.主谓结构(主语+不及物动词)在这一句型中,动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组。在有的句子中,不及物动词可以有状语修饰。1.Thesunisrising.2.I'lltry.注意:在此句型中,有少数不及物动词表达被动含义,表达主语本身所具有的特性,不用被动语态。1.Thebooksellswell.2.Thewindowwon'tshut.3.Thepenwritessmoothly.4.Cheesecutseasily.翻译:1.会议将持续两个小时。2.她昨天回家很晚。3.那天早上我们谈了很多。4.在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。5.1919年,在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。6.这个盒子重五公斤。二.主谓宾结构(主语+及物动词+宾语)(1)不及物动词不能直接加宾语。如agree,lie,work,argue,belong,come,go,reply等。(2)不及物动词加一个介词后构成动词短语可以加宾语。如agreewith,liein,workat,belongto,comeacross,goto等。(3)有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。如begin,sell,write,wash,answer,read等。例如:Themeetingbeginsathalfpastnine.(不及物动词)Theprofessorbeganhisspeechdirectly.(及物动词)Thebooksofthiskindsellwellandhewillsellthem.(第一个sell为不及物动词,而第二个是及物动词)。1那位先生能流利地说三种语言。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。3这本书他读过多次了。4他们成功地完成了计划。5你们必须在两周内看完这些书。6Jim还不会自己穿衣服。7我们大家都相信Jack是一个诚实男孩。8他不知道说什麽好。三。主系表结构(主语+系动词+表语)使用系动词应注意的地方:第一,没有被动语态;第二,一般没有进行时(除了feel以外);第三,有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词。如:keep,grow,taste,feel,get,smell等。例如:Aftertwo-day’streatment,hefeltwellagain.(不用wasfelt)Thepetdogkeepsclean.ItiskeptbyJohnson.(keeps是系动词,而kept是及物动词)Wegrewsometreesaroundourschoolandtheygrowgreennow.(grew是及物动词,而grow是系动词)JustnowIfeltthetableanditfeltsmooth.(第一个felt是及物动词,而第二个是系动词)[练习]选择一个合适的词或根据汉语提示填空,注意动词的适当形式。(1)I_______(remain/keep/stay)anursewhilehehas_________(turn/become)engineer.(2)Putthemeatintherefrigerator(冰箱).It__________(go/get/
turn/become)badeasily.(3)Whathesaid__________(sound/look/smell/taste)reasonable.(4)Hefeels__________(comfortable/comfortably)workingintheair-conditionedoffice.(5)Wedomorningexercisesto_______(keep/turn/become)healthy.(6)Theapple__________(tastes/istasted)sweet.(7)Pleasekeep______(安静);Thebabyhasfallen_________(睡着).
(8)Theyworkdayandnighttomaketheirdreamcome__________(实现).1.Ironfeelscoldinwinter.2.Thisideasoundsgood.3.Helooksyoung.4.Theweatherremainscoolthesedays.5.Theflowersinfrontofthehousesmellnice.翻译:1.这个报告听起来很有意思。2.树叶已经变黄.3布朗夫人看起来很健康。4十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。5孩子们,请保持安静。6.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。四.双宾语结构(主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)主语--动词--间接宾语(人)--直接宾语(物)Hehandedmealetter.Shesangusafolksong.如果直接宾语放在及物动词之后、间接宾语之前,那么两个宾语之间应有一个介词(to,for等)。Hehandedalettertome.
Shesangafolkforus.
直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当。TellhimI'mout.
CanyouinformmewhereMiGreenlives?翻译:1.我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗?
(6)Ihavenothing________(do)thisafternoon.Let’sgo
swimming.
(7)Hekeptus________(read)thestoryonceandagain.(8)Thekeeperkeptthemonkey________(在笼子里).(9)Jennyhadhermoney________(偷了).
2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3.请你给我弄一本新的,好吗?4.请把那本字典递给我好吗?
5.他把车票给列车员看。6.这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。7.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。8.RobinsonCrusoe给自己做了一只小船。
五.动词+宾语+宾补(n./adj./adv./-ing/-ed/todo)在此句型中的动词,叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词。后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的,宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语。1.Wewishedthepopsingertosucceed.2.Wemadetheyoungmanourmanager.3.Thenewsmadeherhappy.
4.Herfathermadeherlearndrawingafterschool.5.WhenIcamein,Ifoundhimwritingaletter.6.Mybikeisbroken,Illhaveitrepairedtomorrow.翻译:1.他的父母给他取名为John.
2.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。3.我们要使学校变得更美丽。
4.他请我们参加做游戏。5.明天我要找人来修理机器。
6.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。7.他每个月理一次发。
8.那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了9.他感到很难跟你交谈。
10.我想乘船去那里更舒服些。
11.学校定了一条规则,开始上课时学生要起立。12.我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。
[练习]根据汉语或英语提示在空格上填一个恰当的单词。(1)Lethim________(进来).
(2)Letthestudent________(站)outsidetheclassroom.(3)Wemadeourclassroom________(明亮).
(4)Fatherhavesomeemployees________(work)alldayandall
night.
(5)Didyouhaveyourbicycle________(repair)?
(10)Ifoundmyself________(surround)bysomesnakes.(11)Iwouldliketoseetheplan________(carry)out.(12)Whogotthemachine________(start)?
(13)Jimaskedme________(wait)himattheschoolgate.(14)Theboywasmade________(stand)outsidetheroom.(15)Don’tallowtheguests________(smoke)here.
句子成分和句子结构讲解有答案
句子成分
一.主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。
1.请找出下列句子的主语并指出什么(词,短语或句子)可以充当主语。
Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)Helikesdancing.(代词)Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)
常见错误分析
2:动词及其短语在作句子的主语时,只能使用其todo或doing的形式。其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作,-ing强调经常发生的动作。
改错:1.playcomputergamesdoesnogoodtous.
2.Haveawalkinthestreetisherhobby.3.Gohomeatonceishisdecision4.Makemorefriendswilldogoodtous.5.Imlikecomputerverymuch.6.Thestorywashappeningtheyearbeforelast.二.宾语:
1.动作的承受者-----动宾请找出下列句子的宾语并指出什么可以充当宾语。
IlikeChina.(名词)Hehatesyou.(代词)Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(数词)Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(宾语从句)2.介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake/me/fighting?3.双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)Hegavemeabookyesterday.常见错误分析
1:介词后跟宾语时,必须为:名词、代词、ing或wh型的连接词引导的从句。
改错:①Iamfondofplaybasketball.
②Hescrazyaboutreadstorybooks.
③Iamsorryforlate.
④Ifeltterriblysadforabsentfromclass.
2:动词及其短语在作句子的主语或宾语时,只能使用其todo或doing的形式。其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作,-ing强调经常发生的动作。
改错:①Ienjoymakefriendswitheveryone.
②Hewantedgohomeatonce.
三表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词之后。
英语中常见的系动词及其分类。
①状态系动词:用来表示主语状态:即be。常译为是
②持续系动词:用来表示主语的继续或保持某种状况或态度,主要包括remain、keep、stay、lie、stand、exist等。常译为保持,依然是Ihopeyouwillkeepfit.Wecanremainfriends.Pleasestayseated③变化系动词:用来表示主语变成什么样,主要包括:become、grow、turn、get、fall、go、come、run等。常译为变得Hewentmad.Hishairturnedgrey.Ifellill.④结果系动词:表示主语对应的结果,主要有:provetobe,turnouttobe。常译为结果是seem、appear、look.⑤感官系动词:主要有feel、smell、sound、taste,seem、appear、look。Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.NowIfeeltired.请找出下列句子的宾语并指出什么可以充当宾语。
Heisateacher.(名词)Seventy-four!Youdontlookit.(代词)Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)Heisasleep.(形容词)Hisfatherisin.(副词)Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词)Towearafloweristosay“Impoor,Icantbuyaring.(不定式)Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表语从句)常见错误分析:
1:动词及其短语在作句子的表语时,需用其非谓语形式,其中todo表将来的主动性动作,doing表正在进行的主动性动作,有时也用作形容词表示主语所具有的特征;done表示被动的已完成的动作。选择:
①Myhobbyis__basketball.
A:playB:playingC:toplayD:played②Thedogwasso__inthattoy.
A:interestingB:interestedC:tointerestD:interest③Myplanis__homeimmediately.
A:goB:togoC:goneD:going.④Kitywas__ateverythinghesaw.
A:surprisingB:surpriseC:surprisedD:tosurprise⑤Iwas__atmygrades.
A:disappointedB:disappointC:disappointingD:todisappoint2:名词、代词做表语时,其数必须和主语保持一致。改错:
①Wearestudent.
②Thesearepanda.
③Itsbirds.
3:表语常用形容词,而不用其副词形式。改错:
(1)Heissadly.
(2)Heisfriendlytoeveryone.
(3)Thefoodsmellsbadbutittasteswell.(4)Oneyearlater,heturnedawriter.(a)(5)Astimewenton,hisideawasprovedright.四.谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
1:实义动词及其短语作谓语Astitchintimesavesnine.2:情态动词+动词原形作谓语Thelawcannotmakeallmenequal,buttheyareequalbeforethelaw.3:助动词+实义动词或系动词(多为动词原形)作谓语Youdbettergonow,oryoullbelatefortheinterview.4:系动词+表语作谓语常见错误分析:
1:系动词+表语(名、代、介、形、副、非谓语……)才能构成完整的谓语。注意谓语一定要有动词的参予来完成。
改错。
①Heathomenow.
②Iagainst/fortheplan.
③Iinfavorofthisidea.
④Thelighton/offthen.
⑤Hedeadnow.
⑥Ifondofpandas.
⑦HealwaysinterestedinEnglish.
⑧Thebookworthreading.
⑨Ieagertogetyourhelp.
⑩Thegirldressedinwhitethen.
⑾Myplantodosomeshoppingtoday.
⑿Iintoplayingtabletennis.
⒀Myaimtoteachyouwell.
⒁Tomdevotedtohisjobthen.
2:情态动词和助动词虽有实义,但不能单独做谓语,必须和实义动词或系表结构一起构成复合谓语,尤其表语是形容词、副词、介词、时出现错误最多,处理方式是在表语前添加合适的系动词,多为be的合适形式。
改错:
①Youcantlateagain.
②Hemayathome.
③Hemustawaynow.
④Tommaydeadnow.
⑤JohnmustfromtheUSA.
⑥Inmyopinion,hewillwellsoon.
⑦Hedidntagainsttheplan.
⑧Maohasdeadfor32years.
⑨Theydidntthroughtheforest.
五.补足语:用于补充说明其他的句子成分。有主补、和宾补两种,用于补充说明主、宾所处的状态、性质、特征等。
宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
请找出下列句子的宾补并指出什么可以充当宾补。
1.Hefoundhisnewjobboring.(形容词作宾补)2.ThecalledtheirdaughterMary.(名词作宾补)3.Thisplacedherinaverydifficultposition.(介词短语作宾补)4.Wewenttoherehousebutfoundherout.(副词作宾补)5.Whatdoyouadvisemetodo?(不定式作宾补)6.Wethoughthimtobeanhonestman.(tobe作宾补)7.Hebelievedthemtohavediscussedtheproblem.(不定式的完成式作宾补)
8.Hebelievedhertobetellingthetruth.(不定式的进行式作宾补)9.Didyounoticehimcomein?(不带to的不定式作宾补)10.IsawherchattingwithNancy.(现在分词作宾补)11.Hewatchedthepianocarriedupstairs.(过去分词作宾补)注意1:在这个结构中,可以出现用it作形式上的宾语,把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。在此结构中,宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。
Hefeltithisdutytomentionthistoher.分析:it是形式宾语,hisduty是宾语补足语,tomentionthistoher是真正的宾语。
Ithinkitbestthatyoushouldstaywithus.分析:it是形式宾语,best是宾语补足语,thatyoushouldstaywithus是真正的宾语。主补:对主语的补充。
Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.todo…,doing,-ed作补语的区别。注意2:-ing作宾补表示正在进行的动作,强调动作的一部分;若宾语是动作的发出者,用其主动式,若宾语是动作的承受者用其被动式。todo作宾补强调动作的全过程,若宾语是动作的承受者,用其被动式;若宾语是动作的发出者,用其主动式。ed作宾补表示已完成的动作,宾语是动作的承受者。
选择:(1)Heraisedhisvoicetomakehimself__.
A:hearB:heardC:hearingD:tohear(2).Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise__on.A:goBgoingCgoneDtogo
(3).Isawhim__nothingatthemeetingfrombeginningtoend.AsayBsaidCsayingDtosay(4).Thethiefcamein,withhishands__.AtyingBtiedCtieDtotie注意3:有些动词后跟不定式时需省去符号to:watch,observe,see,look,lookat,notice;hear,listento,make,have,let,feel,help可带可不带。六.定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
请找出下列句子的定语并指出什么可以充当定语。
AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.(名词)Heisourfriend.(代词)Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词)Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词)Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinCla2.(现在分词)Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(过去分词)Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句)注意1:名词作定语时,须用其单数形式,不可用其所有格或复数形式。在变为复数时,只变被修饰的名词,man或woman作定语时,则两者都变。
ashoeshopmensteachers注意2:在表示只有一人担任的头衔、职务的名词在作句子的表语、同位语、补足语、介词宾语时,不加冠词:常见的名词有:president,captain,monitor,headmaster,head-teacher,head,manager等WeelectedHupresidentofChina.常见错误分析:
1:单个形容词作定语修饰不定代词时,需要后置2:表语形容词作定语时常后置如:awake、afraid、asleep、ashamed、alike等。Hewastheonlypersonawakeatthattime.3:当else作形容词修饰不定代词或疑问代词如:who、what、which等时要后置Ihavesomethingelsetosay.4:表示长、宽、高、深等度量的形容词作定语时常后置。Thisisaroomfivemeterswide.5:有些形容词如present、adopted、concerned、absent、opposite等既可前置也可后置,但意义不同:
①presentadj:前置:目前的现在的后置:出席的
Whatdoyouthinkofthepresentgovernment?Thepeoplepresentaremostlyfamousscientists.②★adoptedadj:前置:收养的
后置:采用的
Heisanadoptedson.
Whatsyoursolutionadopted?③concernedadj:前置:担心的关心的。后置:有关的Thereisaconcernedexpressiononherface.Thepersonsconcernedaretobepunished④absentadj:前置:心不在焉的。后置:缺席的
Jacksatatthedeskinanabsentway.Theworkersabsentmustmakeupforthemeeting.⑤oppositeadj:前置:相反的。后置:对面的
Thebirdflewawayintheoppositedirection.heshopoppositesellsapples.⑥overseas既是adj又是adv作定语时意义不同
Overseasstudents=studentsfromoverseas外国留学生Studentsoverseas=studentswhoareoverseas出国留学生⑦responsible前置意为“负责任的”,后置意为负责的,掌管的“。如:aresponsibleman意为“一位负责任的人”,amanresponsible则意为“一位负责人”
⑧involved前置意为“复杂的”,后置意为“涉及的,相关的”
如:thepeopleinvolved意为“所涉及的人”,theinvolvedstory意为“复杂的经历”七.状语:用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。状语用副词,不用形容词请找出下列句子的状语并指出是什么状语。
Iwillgotheretomorrow.(时间)Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.(地点)Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.(原因)HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.(目的)Hedidntstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.(结果)Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.(程度)Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpatheexam.(条件)Hegoestoschoolbybike.(方式)Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.(让步)常见错误分析:
1:副词作状语时,用以修饰动词、形容词、或句子;形容词作补足语时用来补充说明主、宾所的状态、性质、特征。
选择:
①Hefoundthequestiondifficult/difficultly
②Ithinkitimpossible/impossiblyforustodefeatthemphysically.③Heworkedhard/hardlytorealizehisdream.
④Allmadeiteasy/easilyforustoenterakeyuniversity.
⑤Dressedinnothing,theemperorwalkedinthestreetproud/proudly.⑥Thequestionisgreat/greatlydifferentfromthatone.
⑦Thisroomisthesamesize/bigasthatone.
2:分词及不定式作状语时,须贺逻辑主语保持一致,逻辑主语多为句子的主语。
①Inordertomakeourcitygreen___.
A:itsnecessarytohaveplantedmoretrees.B:manymoretreesneedtobeplanted.
C:ourcityneedsmoretreesD:wemustplantmoretrees.②___time,hellbecomeawriter.
A:GivenB:GivingC:TogiveD:Havinggiven③WhilewatchingTV,___
A:thedoorbellrangB:thedoorbellringsC:weheardthedoorbellringD:weheardthedoorbellrings④___asameansoftrafficinchina,thebikeisveryuseful.A:usedB:usingC:TouseD:use八、同位语:指两个或两个以上的词语指同一个事物作同一个句子成分。
Itsmyfriend,John.(名词)Myraherselfhadgotamedalforherworkfortheaged.代词Hisolddreamofgoingroundtheworldcameback,butthistimehewouldsail(介词of引出动名词作同位语)Thenewsthatwearehavingaholidaytomorrowisnottrue.从句九、插入语:是对一句话,某一个词或词组做些附加的解释或说明有时表达说话者的态度和看法;有时起强调作用;有时是为了引起对方的注意;还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用;也可以承上启下,使句子衔接得更紧密一些,通常用逗号与其它成分隔开,且和其他句子成分没有语法上的联系,将它删掉后,句子结构依然完整。Totellyouthetruth,I’mnotinterestedinthatmatter.不定式Judgingfromhisclothes,hemaybeanartist.分词Bytheway,howcanIgettotherailstation?介词短语Donotplant,forexample,riceyearafteryearinthesamefield.Thisis,surely,averygoodbook.副词Mostimportantofall,wemustlearntheskills.形容词Hecantpatheexam,becausehedoesn'tstudyhard.whatsmore,heisntsoclever.句子句子结构
简单句的五个基本句型:
一.主谓结构(主语+不及物动词)
在这一句型中,动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组。在有的句子中,不及物动词可以有状语修饰。
1.Thesunisrising.2.I'lltry.注意:在此句型中,有少数不及物动词表达被动含义,表达主语本身所具有的特性,不用被动语态。
1.Thebooksellswell.2.Thewindowwon'tshut.3.Thepenwritessmoothly.4.Cheesecutseasily.翻译:1.会议将持续两个小时。
2.她昨天回家很晚。3.那天早上我们谈了很多。
4.在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。51919年,在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。6.这个盒子重五公斤。1Themeetingwilllasttwohours.2Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.3Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal.4Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.5TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.6Thisboxweighsfivekilos.二.主谓宾结构(主语+及物动词+宾语)
在此句型中,动词为及物动词
1那位先生能流利地说三种语言。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。3这本书他读过多次了。4他们成功地完成了计划。5你们必须在两周内看完这些书。6Jim还不会自己穿衣服。7我们大家都相信Jack是一个诚实男孩。8他不知道说什麽好。1.Thatgentlemencanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.2.Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.3.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.4.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.5.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.6.Jimcannotdrehimself.7.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.8.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.三。主系表结构(主语+系动词+表语)
1.Ironfeelscoldinwinter.2.Thisideasoundsgood.3.Helooksyoung.4.Theweatherremainscoolthesedays.5.Theflowersinfrontofthehousesmellnice.翻译:1.这个报告听起来很有意思。
2.树叶已经变黄.3布朗夫人看起来很健康。了。4十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。5孩子们,请保持安静。6.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。1。Thereportsoundsinteresting.2.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.3MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.4Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.5Children,keepquietplease.6Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.四.双宾语结构(主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)
主语--动词--间接宾语(人)--直接宾语(物)
第一种情况,间接宾语可以改为to引导的短语。
Hehandedmealetter.Hehandedalettertome.第二种情况,间接宾语可以改为for引导的短语。
Shesangusafolksong.Shesangafolkforus.第三种情况,直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当。
TellhimI'mout.CanyouinformmewhereMiGreenlives?翻译:1.我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗?
2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3.请你给我弄一本新的,好吗?4.请把那本字典递给我好吗?5.他把车票给列车员看。6.这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。7.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。8.RobinsonCrusoe给自己做了一只小船。1.ShallIcallyouataxi?2.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.3.Willyoupleasegetmeanewcopy?4.Wouldyoupleasepamethedictionary?5.Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.6.ThistermIhavewrittenthreeletterstomyparents.7.Myfatherhasboughtmeanewbike.8.RobinsonCrusoemadehimselfaboat.五.动词+宾语+宾补(n./adj./adv./-ing/-ed/todo)Examples:
在此句型中的动词,叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词。后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的,宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语。
1.Wewishedthepopsingertosucceed.2.Wemadetheyoungmanourmanager.3.Thenewsmadeherhappy.4.Herfathermadeherlearndrawingafterschool.5.WhenIcamein,Ifoundhimwritingaletter.6.Mybikeisbroken,Illhaveitrepairedtomorrow.翻译:1.他的父母给他取名为John.
2.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。3.我们要使学校变得更美丽。4.他请我们参加做游戏。5.明天我要找人来修理机器。6.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。7.他每个月理一次发。8.那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了9.他感到很难跟你交谈。10.我想乘船去那里更舒服些。11.学校定了一条规则,开始上课时学生要起立。
12.我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。1.HisparentsnamedhimJohn.2.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.3.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.4.Heaskedustojoininthegame.5.TomorrowIllhavesomeonerepairthemachine.6.EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.7.Hehashishaircutonceamonth.8.Theterriblesoundmadethechildrenfrightened.9.Hefeltitverydifficulttotalkwithyou.10.Ithinkitmorecomfortabletogotherebyship.11.Theschoolmadeitarulethatthestudentsshouldstandupwhenclabegins.12.Ithoughtitnousetalkingwiththatman