英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解,形式主语主语从句是真正主语,英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解,名词代词数词形容词副词介词短语形容词化的分词,对宾语特殊疑问词助动词主语动词原形其他。
英语句子成分讲解
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
1.主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。
Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)Helikesdancing.(代词)
Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)
Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)
2.谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.
3.表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
Heisateacher.(名词)Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.(代词)Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)Heisasleep.(形容词)Hisfatherisin.(副词)Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词)
Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.(不定式)
Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表语从句)
(常见的系动词有:be,sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来),taste(尝、吃起来),remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉)...
Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.
Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.
Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.
Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.
4.宾语:1)动作的承受者-----动宾
IlikeChina.(名词)Hehatesyou.(代词)
Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(数词)
Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)
Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(宾语从句)
2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.
3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.
5.宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.(名)Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)
Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语)Don’tlethimdothat.(省to不定式)
Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to不定式)
Don’tkeepthelightsburning.(现在分词)I’llhavemybikerepaired.(过去分词)
6.定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.(名词)Heisourfriend.(代词)
Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词)Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词)Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinCla2.(现在分词)
Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(过去分词)
Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句)
7.状语:用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。
表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。(以下例句按上述顺序排列)Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.
1
Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.
Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpatheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.
Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.
8.同位语.与句中的某一成分,常常是名词或代词,是同一意思,可互相替换.?
9.主补:对主语的补充。
Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.
Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.
句子结构----简单句的五个基本句型
1.主语+不及物动词Shecame./Myheadaches.
2.主语+及物动词+宾语ShelikesEnglish.
3.主语+系动词+主语补语Sheishappy.
4.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook.Sheboughtabookforme.
5.主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry.
Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.
(There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.)
2