灵活地写后置定语介词短语分词短语，用介词不用动词将句子写的更加紧凑，举例如下此句中的短语无实义所以为错误句子，主语之后不要每句都是马上接谓语应适当加入修饰语，避免歧义有许多结构但这里特指分词短语及并列
句子表达技巧
句子表达
以下是总结出来的在写英文作文时写好句子的重要原则。熟练掌握这些原则并能应用自如，你的英文写作水平将会有一个很大的提高！
1.写文章时不是一句中文对应一句英文，而可能是几句中文对应一句英文。例1.Itshowswhythestudyofconflictissoimportanttoallofus,probeshoweachofushasapersonalhistorythataffectsourconflictchoices,bringsnegativeandpositiveviewsofconflictintofocus,andshowshowourmetaphorsforconflictimpactus.
例2.Argumentationisthecommunicativeproceofadvancing,supporting,criticizing,andmodifyingclaimssothatappropriatedecisionmakers,definedbyrelevantspheres,maygrantordenyadherence.
2.句子结构特点：中文重点后置，英文重点前置。
例1.Apersonwhoagreestoserveasmediatorbetweentwowarringfactionsattherequestofbothabandonsbysoagreeingtherightlatertotakesides.
3.主语之后，不要每句都是马上接谓语，应适当加入修饰语。
例1.Yourpersonalhistory,suchasyourfamilyoforiginandotherinfluences,makesadifferenceinhowyourespondtoconflict.
例2.Perceptionsaboutconflict,whetheritisanactivitytobeavoidedorsoughtoutandwhetheritisanegativeorpositiveactivity,developoverone’slifetime.
例3.Theobjectiveofargumentation,asClaimPerelmanandL.Olbrechts-Tytecahavenoted,istogainadherence,whichistheinformedsupportofothers.
例4.Thetermissue,asfrequentlyusedinoursociety,canbeconfusedwiththetermclaim.
例5TheManagementFocusonBordenprovidesanexampleofanorganizationthat,byfailingtotakeadvantageofitsdistinctivecompetencies,hasexperiencedpooroperatingresults.
例6Thisbook’sdualperspective,itsshiftingbetweentheroleofpersuaderandpersuadee,isalsodesignedtoplaceethicalquestionsinpersuasionfrontandcenter.
4、中文的动词点可能对应英文的介词。
例1AnensemblethatperformsIinaconcertinwhichtheotherperformsOis
5、灵活地写后置定语（介词短语、分词短语）。
例1.Anargument,inourusage,isasingleunitofargumentationcomprisingaclaimanditssupport.
例2.Theideaofargumentationfunctioninginacompetitiveforumwherethedesiretowinmightovercomethebestanswerhasalwaysbeentroubling.
例3.Theprimaryreasonforuncertaintyinargumentationstemsfromthefactthatdecision-makinginvariablycommitsyounowtoactionstobecarriedoutinthefuture.
例4.Managementistheproceundertakenbyoneormoreindividualstocoordinatetheactivitiesofothertoachieveresultsnotachievablebyonindividualactingalone.例5.Anissueistheclashoftwoopposingclaimsstatedasaquestion.
例6.Thesecondstepinadjustingyourargumentationtothesphereistosurveytheworkofcontemporarydecisionmaker.
例7.Asyouwouldexpect,yourfiltersbasedonyourculturewillimpingeonhowyouinterpretothers.
例8.Actionsinemployeerelations,benefits,andsatisfactionwithworkcanincludeprovidingbenefitsthataccommodateimportantbutunfulfilledemployeeneedssuchasprovidinganonsidedaycarefacilityforparentemployees.
例9.Managementistheproceundertakenbyoneormoreindividualstocoordinatetheactivitiesofothertoachieveresultsnotachievablebyonindividualactingalone.例10.Theoverridingmanagerialresponsibilityistointegratethethreefunctionsintoacoherentthelevelsofperformanceexpectedbytheindividualsandgroupsthatsustainit.
例11.Theremainingchaptersofpart2elaborateontheprinciplescoactivepersuasionintroducedinChapter4.
例12.Second,argumentationisadistinctdimensionofpersuasioninthatittendstobeusedinthosesituationsinwhichpeoplewanttomakewisedecisions,andthestrategiesusedinargumentationtenttobedifferentfromotherforumsofpersuasion.
6、一句话要写得起伏跌宕。
1）…,however,…转折连词放在主语和谓语的中间。
例1Thereare,however,otherdecisionmakerswhocanmakeadifference.
例2Whatisimportant,however,isthattheneedfornon-programmeddecisionsbeproperlyidentified.
例3Inwell-managedorganizations,therefore,adirectrelationshipexistsbetweenstrategicplanningandtheplanningdonebymanagersatalllevels.
例4Itmaybemisleading,infact,todistinguishbetweenimaginedandactualinteractions.
2)写插入语。
a.主谓插入结构…,Ithink,…
例1TheagreementsarefairandIthinkinthebestinterestsofbothnations.b.条件插入结构…,ifnecessary,…
…,ifany,…
例1Executivesummary,theportionofaresearchreportthatexplainwhytheresearchwasdone,whatwasfoundandwhataction,managementshouldundertake.
c.用句子插入表达…,itishoped,…
…,butnotthelast,…
例1Theuseofgravitywaves,whichdonotinteractwithmatterinthewayelectromagneticwavesdo,will,itishoped,enableastronomerstostudytheactualformationofblackholesandneutronstars.
3）动词（包括谓语、非谓语）的修饰。如：人口急剧增多，increasedramatically…
例1Decisionmakersvarygreatlyintheirpropensityfortakingrisks:theoptimisticdecisionmakertakesrisksbyassumingthattheoutcomewillalwaysbefavorable.
4）句子变化。
a.倒装（为了强调），要求掌握否定词前置的这种倒装
例1Notallclaimsresultinissues,butanyclaim(policy,fact,orvalue)maybecome
anissue.
例2Clearly,notallcommunicationisargumentative.
b.用双重否定写陈述句
例1Thereisnooneherebutwishesyouwell.
c.写一些反义疑问句
例子（略）
7.短语修饰。
在英文表达中对一个词进行多重修饰（多级定语结构）。
例1Theengineermathematicalandnaturalsciencesgainedbytodevelopwaystoutilize,economically,thematerialsandforcesofnatureforthebenefitofmankind.
8.比较与省略。
例1Moreover,therationaleforHerbert’semphasisonthesocialandpoliticalrealitiesthatimpressionistpaintingscanbesaidtocommunicateratherthanontheirstyleisfinallyunderminedbywhatevenHerbertconcedeswasthefailureofImpressionistpainterstoserveasparticularlyconscientiousillustratorsoftheirsocialmilieu.
9.用介词不用动词，将句子写的更加紧凑。
例1Inadditiontostrengtheningtheoriginalcommitmenttoanaudiencecenteredapproachtoargumentationwehavealsotried,throughout,toemphasizethecooperativenatureofargumentation.
10.现代英语应用的4个原则。
1）并列：句子尽量对应和工整。
例1Becausetheunderinflationoftirescanwasteuptofivepercentofacar’sfuelbyincreasingcar-roadfriction,carownerscansubstantiallyboosttheirvehicles’fuelefficiencybyproperlyinflatingthetires.
2）平衡：不可以头重脚轻，但头轻脚重可以，最好尽可能对称。
例1ThateducatorshavenotanticipatedtheimpactofmicrocomputertechnologycandidnotevenmentionmicrocomputersinFutureShock,publishedin1970.[此为错误例句]
例2ItcanhardlybesaidthateducatorsareatfaultfornotanticipatingtheimpactofdidnotevenmentionmicrocomputersinFutureShock,publishedin1970.[此为正确例句]
3）避免歧义：有许多结构，但这里特指分词短语及并列。
例1Unlikethoseinmostwarblerspecies,themaleandfemaleblue-wingedwarblersareverydifficulttodistinguish.[此为错误例句]
例2Blue-wingedwarblersareunlikemostspeciesofwarblerinthatitisverydifficulttotellthemaleandthefemaleapart.[此为正确例句]
4）实义性：短语不可以无实义。
a.Although………for……[此为错误例句]
b.Although…………..[此为正确例句]
举例如下：canhardlybesaidthatisthefaultofeducatorswhohavenotanticipatedtheimpactofmicrocomputertechnology:AlvinToffler,oneofthemostprominentstudentsofthefuture,didnotevenmentionmicrocomputersinFutureShock,publishedin1970.（此句中的短语无实义，所以为错误句子）
b.介词短语的实义性。举例如下：
Theproposedhealthcarebillwouldincreasegovernmentregulationofhealthinsurance,forestablishingstandardsthatwouldguaranteewideraccetopeoplewithpasthealthproblemsandtoworkerswhoarechangingjobsandotherwisecouldbeuncoveredformonths.（错误例句）
Theproposedhealthcarebillwouldincreasegovernmentregulationofhealthinsuranceforestablishingstandardsthatwouldguaranteewideraccetopeoplewithpasthealthproblemsandtoworkerswhoarechangingjobsandotherwisecouldbeuncoveredformonths.（正确例句）
高考书面表达之句子写作技巧
高考书面表达之句子写作技巧
如何写好简单句
当一个句子只包含一个主谓结构时称为简单句。句子的两个主要组成部分是主语和谓语，而谓语都是由动词构成的。因此，动词在句子中起着极其重要的作用。在英语中，各类动词后有不同的结构，从而构成不同的句型，抓住动词及它们引起的各种句型，就会对英语句子有一个总的概念。
简单句大体上可以分为下面五种类型：
1.主语+不及物动词
Thelittlebabysmiled.婴儿笑了。
2.主语+及物动词+宾语
LilyknowsFrench.莉莉懂法语。
Everybodylaughedatthatuglyboy.每个人都嘲笑那个丑陋的男孩。
3.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
Mygrandmothertoldmeastory.我的奶奶给我讲了一个故事。
Myuncleboughtanewcomputerforme.我的叔叔给我买了一台新电脑。
4.主语+系动词+表语
Thefoodis(tastes)verydelicious.食物尝起来非常美味。
5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
Thenewsmadeussurprised.这消息使我们很吃惊。
MiWangtoldmenottobediscouraged.王女士告诉我别气馁。
即时练习——连词成句
1.at,red,face,news,her,turned,the
2.we,bus,catch,soasto,got,first,up,the,early
3.a,made,she,dress,beautiful,me
4.first,my,made,homework,me,do,mymother
5.found,with,family,to,it,your,very,I,pleasant,be
简单句型的高级形式
简单句其实也可以不简单，若将简单句与非谓语动词短语、形容词短语、同位语、独立主格结构等巧妙结合在一起，不但可以表达更丰富的内容，而且可以使句子变得更精彩，充分显示你的英语表达实力。
1.同位语：
Iwanttohaveapenfriend,hopefullyagirlinherearlytwentiesandwithinterestssimilartomine.
我想有一个笔友，希望是一个二十出头且兴趣相投的女孩子。
（同位语中又有两个并列的介词短语修饰）
2.形容词短语：
BorninAmerica,ThomasEdisonwasagreatscientistandinventor.
出生于美国的托马斯·爱迪生是一个伟大的科学家和发明家。
3.不定式短语：
Inordertostudywell，weneedtodosports...
为了学习好，我们需要体育运动……
4.现在分词短语：
Inthispicture,amotherbirdstaysinhernestinabigtree,watchingherbabiesflyingaway.
在这幅图中，一个鸟妈妈呆在一棵大树的鸟巢里，观看她的鸟仔飞走。
5.过去分词短语：
Comparedwithlettersandpublicphones,mobilephonesandtheInternetarefasterandmuchmoreconvenient.
与信件和公用电话相比，手机和网络更快也更方便。
6.介词短语：
Insteadofgivingusanswerimmediately，heencouragesustothinkbyourselves.他鼓励我们独立思考，而不是马上告诉我们答案。
即时练习——按括号中的提示翻译下列句子
1.我是李华，四川的一个学生。（同位语）
2.与其他老师相比，摩尔先生更注意教学方法。（用过去分词短语）
3.北京动物园，建于1906年，有100多年的历史了。（用过去分词短语）
4.李华在公共汽车站等601路公交车去上学。（现在分词短语）
5.我们学生应当通过努力学习而不是考试作弊来试图获得好成绩。（介词短语）
简单句的扩展
句子的扩展，就是在名词前后加上前置或后置定语，在动词、形容词或者副词
前后加上适当的状
语，或增加修饰整个句子的状语，等等，其目的是使结构形式更饱满、内容表达更加清楚、语言表达更生动。
【例1】对Themanwasfamous.（主语+系动词+表语）一句进行扩展，可得到以下一些句子：
a.ThemannamedMikewasafamousstudent.
(划线部分为定语)
b.Attheageofseventeen,themanwasveryfamousbecauseofbeinggoodatplayingthepiano.
(划线部分为状语)
【例2】对Thestudentjumped.（主语+谓语）一句进行扩展，可得到以下一些句子：a.Thenaughtystudentjumped.（划线部分为定语）
b.Hearingthegoodnews,thenaughtystudentinclajumpedwithjoywithoutanyhesitation.
（划线部分为状语）
【例3】对ChinesearemakingChinamorepowerful.（主语+谓语+宾语+宾补）一句进行扩展，可得到以下一些句子：
a.Hard-workingandopen-mindedChinesearemakingChinafullofresourcesmorepowerful.
（划线部分为定语）
b.Withtimegoingon,hard-workingandopen-mindedChinesearemakingfullofresourcesmorepowerfulthanbeforeasexpected.
（划线部分为状语）
即时练习——按要求对下列句子进行扩展
1.Studentsbuybooks.（至少要含非谓语、介词短语和从句等作定语）
2.Studentswork.（至少要含非谓语、介词短语和从句等作状语）
3.Themangavemeapen.（至少含一个不定式短语，一个现在分词短语）
简单句合并成并列句或复合句
有时为了使句子的连贯性更强，表达更为贴切、自然，我们在两个或者多个简单句之间加上and,
but,or（或者，否则），for（因为），while（而，却），when（就在这个时候）等并列连词，就成为并列复合句。如：
1.Theywerehappy.Theydeservedtheirhappiness.
→Theywerehappyandtheydeservedtheirhappiness.
2.Youmusthurry.You’llmitheplane.
→Youmusthurryoryou’llmitheplane.
3.Honeyissweet.Thebeestings.
→Honeyissweet,butthebeestings.
在两个或者多个简单句之间加上when,after,as,because,where,which,who等从属连词，可以使简单句变成复合句，从而扩展成高级句子。如：
1.Iforgottoposttheletter.Iwroteityesterday.（改为含定语从句的复合句）→IforgottoposttheletterwhichIwroteyesterday.
2.Hemissedthefirstbus.Hecametoschoollate.（改为含状语从句的复合句）→Becausehemissedthefirstbus,hecametoschoollate.
→Hemissedthefirstbus,sohecametoschoollate.
即时练习——按要求对下列句子进行扩展
1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.（合并成一个并列句）
2.Ourteachermustbeathome.Thedoorisopen.（合并成一个并列句）
3.Theywereintruthsisters.Itwasclear.（改为含名词性从句的复合句）
基础写作专题一（学校生活）资料另附
经典句子背诵：
http://www.oh100.com paredwiththeeducationathome,educationinforeigncountriespaysmoreattentiontocultivatingthestudents’abilityandoffer’betterstudyingconditions.
2.Thestudentswillhavetospendalotoftimeandenergygettingusedtotheirnewlife,whichisunnecessaryiftheyareathome.
3.Livingoncampuscanhelpdevelopagoodhabitofstudyingandliving.Besides,wecanspendletimeonthewaytoschoolandhome.What’smore,theycanconsult’teachersanddiscuwithclassmates,whichwillcontributetotheirimprovement.
4.IfIwasinchargeofaschool,Iwouldalsobeverystrictwithstudentswhodon’tbehavewell.Iwouldfirstwarnandthenpunishthestudentswhointerruptthelearningofothersordisrespecttheirteachers.
5.Asmiddleschoolstudents,weshouldlearnsomeknowledgeaboutsafety.Forexample,whenwegoacrotheroad,wemustwaitforthegreenlight;whenwegotoschoolorgohomebybike,weshouldgoalongtherightsideandshouldnotrideatahighspeed.
6.Itishightimethatweshouldbeawareoftheimportanceofself-protection.Andonlywithagoodsenseofself-protectioncanweliveasafeandhappylife!
http://www.oh100.com itarytrainingisoneofthebestwaystoimprovethestudents’’personalqualities.
8.Someofusarehavingproblemswithourparents,astheyoftenlookintoourschool
bagsorreadourdiaries.Ifullyunderstandwhywearenotcomfortableaboutit,butthere’snoneedtofeeltoosad.
http://www.oh100.com hisletterIwouldliketoconveymyappreciationtoyouforyourkindassistanceinmyEnglishlearningwhenIwasinNewYork.Additionally,yourgeneroushelpandtendercaremademefeelwarmlywelcomedandtransformedmyfirstAmericantripintoaunforgettablememory.
10.Theproblemyouarefacingiscommonamongourteenagers.However,itshouldbewisenottodoanythingthatmayhurtherfeelings.
话题经典范文背诵：
阅读下面这则新闻，然后按照要求写一篇120词左右的英语短文。
TheheadmasterofamiddleschoolinsouthernEngland,DavidHayes,hassuspended(停课)athisschoo1478timesoverthepastyear—oneintwentyofallthestudentsuspensionsinEngland.
Althoughsomepeoplebelievethathisactionsgotoofar,heseemstobegettingresults.Thenumberofstudentsreceiving“A”gradesinthenationa1seniorschoo1examhasincreasedfrom48%in2004to74%thisyear.Mr.Hayessaysthatmanyschoolscouldachievesimilarimprovementsiftheyimprovetheirschoolstudents’’behavior.HealsosaystheBritishgovernmentiswrongforpressuringschoolsnottosuspendtroublesomestudentsandpointsouttheharmfuleffectssuchstudentshaveonthequalityofteachingandstudentlearning.Suspensionsoftengetmanynaughtystudentstoimprovetheirbehavior,hesays.
Theschoolwasbelowaveragein2003.Mr.Hayesjoinedthefollowingyearandnowsuspendstwooftheschool’s1880studentsonaverageeachschoolday.Thetotalof478suspensionsovertheyearmeansthatalmostoneinfourstudentshavebeenpunishedthisway.Thisyeartheschool’sacademicperformancewasjudgedasexcellent.
【写作内容】你在某英文报刊看到这则新闻后，准备就学生违纪的处理方式写一篇简评给该报编辑部，题目是“ShouldSchoolsSuspendTroublesomeStudents？”
内容要点包括：
1．以约30词简要概括新闻内容；
2．然后以约120词谈谈你的观点，内容包括：
(1)你是否支持该校长的做法，并陈述理由；
(2)假设你是学校校长，谈谈你将如何处理违纪学生并陈述理由。
ShouldSchoolsSuspendTroublesomeStudents?
ThenewsstoryisaboutaschoolinEnglandwhoseheadmasteroftensuspendsmisbehavingstudents.Theheadmasterbelievesthatstrongdisciplineimprovesbothstudents’’behaviorandacademicperformance.
Ibelievetheheadmasteriscorrecttotakethisaction.Ifafewstudentsarealwaysbehavingpoorlyinclathenitwillnegativelyaffectotherstudents’’learning.Asaresult,manyinnocentstudentswillsufferandtheywillfailtoachievetheirfullpotential.Ifthenaughtystudentsareremovedfromtheclathentheotherscanlearninpeace.Hopefullythemisbehavingstudentswilllearntheirlessonsandwhentheyreturntheirbehaviorwillbebetter.
IfIwasinchargeofaschoolIwouldalsobeverystrictwithstudentswhodon’tbehavewell.Iwouldfirstwarnandthensuspendstudentswhointerruptthelearningofothersordisrespecttheirteachers.ButIwouldalsovisitthepoorstudent’shomeanddiscutheproblemwithhisparentssowecouldfindasolution.
基础写作
假如你是学生会主席，假如你是学生会主席，根据下列内容和提示，写一篇通知稿，告之全校师生。
【写作内容】
1．事由：欢迎20名日本学生来校参观。
2．具体安排：
(1)9月15日上午8∶45在校门口集合，欢迎来校参观的日本学生。
(2)带客人到接待室带客人到接待室(receptionroom)，开联欢会(get-together)
(3)带客人参观图书馆、实验室和教学楼
(4)11∶30和日本学生在食堂共进午餐，并互赠小礼物。
Boysandgirls，
Attention， http://www.oh100.com entyJapanese，studentswillcometoourschoolforavisitonSeptember15th.We’llmeetthemattheschoolgateat8∶45a.m.togivethemawarmwelcome.Thenwe’lltakethemtothereceptionroom，wherewewillholdaget-together.
Afterthat，we’llshowthemaroundourlibrary,thelabsandtheteachingbuildings.At11∶30we’llhavelunchwiththeJapanesestudentsinthedining-hall,wherewewillexchangeourpresentswiththem.TheJapanesestudentswillleaveatabout12∶00.
That’sall.Thankyou.